Kernel: Add a Result class

kernel/include/memory/AddressSpace.h

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "memory/Paging.h"
+#include "utils/Result.h"
 
 struct AddressSpace
 {
-    static AddressSpace create();
+    static Result<AddressSpace> create();
 
     void destroy();
 

kernel/include/memory/PMM.h

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
+#include "utils/Result.h"
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-#define PMM_FAILED (void*)-1
-#define PMM_DID_FAIL(addr) (void*)addr == PMM_FAILED
-
 namespace PMM
 {
     void init();
 
-    void* request_page();
-    void* request_pages(uint64_t count);
+    Result<void*> request_page();
+    Result<void*> request_pages(uint64_t count);
 
     void free_page(void* address);
     void free_pages(void* address, uint64_t count);

kernel/include/utils/Result.h

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "std/ensure.h"
+#include "std/string.h"
+#include "utils/move.h"
+#include "utils/new.h"
+
+struct Error
+{
+    Error(int err)
+    {
+        error = err;
+    }
+
+    int error;
+};
+
+template <typename T> class Result
+{
+  public:
+    Result(const T& value)
+    {
+        m_storage.store_reference(value);
+        m_has_value = true;
+        m_has_error = false;
+    }
+
+    Result(T&& value)
+    {
+        m_storage.store_movable_reference(move(value));
+        m_has_value = true;
+        m_has_error = false;
+    }
+
+    Result(const Result<T>& other)
+    {
+        m_storage.store_reference(other.m_storage.fetch_reference());
+        m_has_value = true;
+        m_has_error = false;
+    }
+
+    Result(Result<T>&& other)
+    {
+        m_storage.store_movable_reference(move(other.m_storage.fetch_reference()));
+        m_has_value = true;
+        m_has_error = false;
+    }
+
+    Result(const Error& err)
+    {
+        m_error = err.error;
+        m_has_error = true;
+        m_has_value = false;
+    }
+
+    bool has_error()
+    {
+        return m_has_error;
+    }
+
+    bool has_value()
+    {
+        return m_has_value;
+    }
+
+    int error()
+    {
+        ensure(has_error());
+        return m_error;
+    }
+
+    Error release_error()
+    {
+        ensure(has_error());
+        return {m_error};
+    }
+
+    T value()
+    {
+        ensure(has_value());
+        return m_storage.fetch_reference();
+    }
+
+    T release_value()
+    {
+        ensure(has_value());
+        T item = m_storage.fetch_reference();
+        m_has_value = false;
+        return move(item);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    struct Storage
+    {
+        unsigned char buffer[sizeof(T)];
+
+        T* fetch_ptr()
+        {
+            return (T*)buffer;
+        }
+
+        T& fetch_reference()
+        {
+            return *fetch_ptr();
+        }
+
+        void store_ptr(T* ptr)
+        {
+            new (buffer) T(*ptr);
+        }
+
+        void store_reference(const T& ref)
+        {
+            new (buffer) T(ref);
+        }
+
+        void store_movable_reference(T&& ref)
+        {
+            new (buffer) T(ref);
+        }
+    };
+    Storage m_storage;
+    int m_error;
+    bool m_has_error;
+    bool m_has_value;
+};

kernel/include/utils/new.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+inline void* operator new(size_t, void* p) noexcept
+{
+    return p;
+}
+inline void* operator new[](size_t, void* p) noexcept
+{
+    return p;
+}
+inline void operator delete(void*, void*) noexcept {};
+inline void operator delete[](void*, void*) noexcept {};

kernel/src/memory/AddressSpace.cpp

@@ -4,14 +4,17 @@
 #include "log/Log.h"
 #include "memory/PMM.h"
 #include "memory/VMM.h"
+#include "std/errno.h"
 #include "std/stdlib.h"
 #include "std/string.h"
 #include "utils/move.h"
 
-AddressSpace AddressSpace::create()
+Result<AddressSpace> AddressSpace::create()
 {
     AddressSpace result;
-    result.m_pml4 = (PageTable*)PMM::request_page();
+    auto page = PMM::request_page();
+    if (page.has_error()) return page.release_error();
+    result.m_pml4 = (PageTable*)page.release_value();
     memset(result.m_pml4, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
     VMM::install_kernel_page_directory_into_address_space(result);
     return move(result);
@@ -156,8 +159,9 @@ void AddressSpace::clear()
 
 static PageTable* try_clone_page_table(PageTable* source)
 {
-    PageTable* dst = (PageTable*)PMM::request_page();
-    if (PMM_DID_FAIL(dst)) { return 0; }
+    auto page = PMM::request_page();
+    if (page.has_error()) { return 0; }
+    PageTable* dst = (PageTable*)page.release_value();
     memcpy(dst, source, sizeof(PageTable));
     return dst;
 }

kernel/src/memory/MemoryManager.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #include "misc/utils.h"
 #include "std/ensure.h"
 
+// FIXME: Use Result in here.
+
 void MemoryManager::init()
 {
     KernelHeap::clear();
@@ -123,15 +125,15 @@ void* MemoryManager::get_page(int flags)
 
 void* MemoryManager::get_page_at(uint64_t addr, int flags)
 {
-    void* physicalAddress = PMM::request_page();
-    if (PMM_DID_FAIL(physicalAddress))
+    auto paddr = PMM::request_page();
+    if (paddr.has_error())
     {
 #ifdef MM_DEBUG
         kwarnln("OOM while allocating one page of memory. this is not good...");
 #endif
         return 0;
     }
-    VMM::map(addr, (uint64_t)physicalAddress, flags);
+    VMM::map(addr, (uint64_t)paddr.release_value(), flags);
     return (void*)addr;
 }
 
@@ -172,17 +174,19 @@ void* MemoryManager::get_pages_at(uint64_t addr, uint64_t count, int flags)
 #endif
     for (uint64_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
     {
-        void* physicalAddress = PMM::request_page();
-        if (PMM_DID_FAIL(physicalAddress)) // OOM: No physical memory available! Since this might be at the end of a
+        auto paddr = PMM::request_page();
+        if (paddr.has_error()) // OOM: No physical memory available! Since this might be at the end of a
                                // long allocation, we should be able to recover most of it and allocate a
                                // smaller range, so this might not be fatal.
         {
 #ifdef MM_DEBUG
             kwarnln("OOM while allocating page %ld of memory. this might be recoverable...", i);
 #endif
+            // FIXME: Weren't we supposed to free all previously allocated pages, to avoid leaks when failing large
+            // allocations?
             return 0;
         }
-        VMM::map(addr + (i * PAGE_SIZE), (uint64_t)physicalAddress, flags);
+        VMM::map(addr + (i * PAGE_SIZE), (uint64_t)paddr.release_value(), flags);
     }
     return (void*)addr;
 }

kernel/src/memory/PMM.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "memory/MemoryManager.h"
 #include "misc/utils.h"
 #include "std/ensure.h"
+#include "std/errno.h"
 #include "std/string.h"
 
 extern BOOTBOOT bootboot;
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ static void bitmap_set(uint64_t index, bool value)
     if (value) { virtual_bitmap_addr[byteIndex] |= bitIndexer; }
 }
 
-void* PMM::request_page()
+Result<void*> PMM::request_page()
 {
     for (uint64_t index = start_index; index < (bitmap_size * 8); index++)
     {
@@ -95,10 +96,10 @@ void* PMM::request_page()
         return (void*)(index * PAGE_SIZE);
     }
 
-    return PMM_FAILED;
+    return {ENOMEM};
 }
 
-void* PMM::request_pages(uint64_t count)
+Result<void*> PMM::request_pages(uint64_t count)
 {
     uint64_t contiguous = 0;
     uint64_t contiguous_start = 0;
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ void* PMM::request_pages(uint64_t count)
         }
     }
 
-    return PMM_FAILED;
+    return {ENOMEM};
 }
 
 void PMM::free_page(void* address)

kernel/src/memory/VMM.cpp

@@ -196,8 +196,9 @@ PageDirectoryEntry* VMM::create_pde_if_not_exists(PageTable* root, uint64_t vadd
     decompose_vaddr(vaddr, page_index, indexes[2], indexes[1], indexes[0]);
 
     auto pde_create_if_not_present = [&]() {
-        pt = (PageTable*)PMM::request_page();
-        ensure(!(PMM_DID_FAIL(pt)));
+        auto pt_or_error = PMM::request_page();
+        ensure(pt_or_error.has_value());
+        pt = (PageTable*)pt_or_error.release_value();
         memset(pt, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
         pde->set_address((uint64_t)pt);
         pde->present = true;
@@ -341,7 +342,10 @@ void VMM::install_kernel_page_directory_into_address_space(AddressSpace& space)
 
     if (!space_last_pdp_pde.present)
     {
-        space_last_pdp = (PageTable*)PMM::request_page(); // FIXME: Add out-of-memory checks.
+        auto result = PMM::request_page();
+        ensure(result.has_value()); // FIXME: Propagate this error.
+        space_last_pdp = (PageTable*)result.release_value();
+
         memset(space_last_pdp, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
 
         space_last_pdp_pde.present = true;

kernel/src/thread/Scheduler.cpp

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ long Scheduler::load_user_task(const char* filename)
         Interrupts::pop();
         return -ENOMEM;
     }
-    new_task->address_space = AddressSpace::create();
+    new_task->address_space = AddressSpace::create().release_value(); // FIXME: Propagate this error.
     VMM::switch_to_user_address_space(new_task->address_space);
     long result;
     if ((result = ELFLoader::check_elf_image_from_filesystem(filename)) < 0)