.drone.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ steps:
   image: ubuntu
   commands:
   - apt update
-  - apt install build-essential cmake ninja-build wget nasm -y
+  - apt install build-essential cmake ninja-build wget nasm genext2fs -y
   - wget https://pub.cloudapio.eu/luna/toolchains/ci-toolchain-arm64.tar.gz --quiet
   - tar xf ci-toolchain-arm64.tar.gz
   - rm ci-toolchain-arm64.tar.gz

apps/init.cpp

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ static void mount_devfs()
 {
     if (mkdir("/dev", 0755) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) exit(255);
 
-    if (mount("/dev", "devfs") < 0) exit(255);
+    if (mount("/dev", "devfs", "devfs") < 0) exit(255);
 }
 
 int main()

apps/mount.cpp

@@ -6,15 +6,17 @@ Result<int> luna_main(int argc, char** argv)
 {
     StringView target;
     StringView fstype { "auto" };
+    StringView source;
 
     os::ArgumentParser parser;
     parser.add_description("Mount a file system.");
     parser.add_system_program_info("mount"_sv);
+    parser.add_positional_argument(source, "source"_sv, true);
     parser.add_positional_argument(target, "mountpoint"_sv, true);
     parser.add_value_argument(fstype, 't', "type"_sv, "the file system type to use");
     parser.parse(argc, argv);
 
-    if (mount(target.chars(), fstype.chars()) < 0)
+    if (mount(target.chars(), fstype.chars(), source.chars()) < 0)
     {
         perror("mount");
         return 1;

initrd/etc/init/02-ext2fs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Name=ext2fs
+Script=/sbin/mount-ext2fs
+Wait=true

initrd/sbin/mount-ext2fs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+mkdir /mnt
+mount -t ext2 /dev/cd0p2 /mnt

initrd/sbin/mount-tmpfs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 mkdir -p /tmp
-mount -t tmpfs /tmp
+mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /tmp
 chmod 1777 /tmp

kernel/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ set(SOURCES
     src/fs/GPT.cpp
     src/fs/tmpfs/FileSystem.cpp
     src/fs/tmpfs/Inode.cpp
+    src/fs/ext2/FileSystem.cpp
+    src/fs/ext2/Inode.cpp
     src/fs/devices/DeviceRegistry.cpp
     src/fs/devices/NullDevice.cpp
     src/fs/devices/ZeroDevice.cpp

kernel/debug.cmake

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ target_compile_definitions(moon PRIVATE EXEC_DEBUG)
 target_compile_definitions(moon PRIVATE OPEN_DEBUG)
 target_compile_definitions(moon PRIVATE REAP_DEBUG)
 target_compile_definitions(moon PRIVATE PCI_DEBUG)
+target_compile_definitions(moon PRIVATE EXT2_DEBUG)
 target_compile_definitions(moon PRIVATE DEVICE_REGISTRY_DEBUG)
 target_compile_definitions(moon PRIVATE FORK_DEBUG)
 target_compile_options(moon PRIVATE -fsanitize=undefined)

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/disk/ATA.cpp

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ namespace ATA
     {
         if (drive == m_current_drive) return;
 
-        u8 value = (drive << 4) | 0xa0;
+        u8 value = (u8)(drive << 4) | 0xa0;
         write_register(Register::DriveSelect, value);
 
         delay_400ns();

kernel/src/fs/VFS.cpp

@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@ namespace VFS
         g_root_inode = new_root_inode;
         TRY(new_root_parent_inode->replace_entry(((MountInode*)g_root_inode.ptr())->source(), new_root_path.chars()));
         ((MountInode*)g_root_inode.ptr())->set_source({});
+        g_root_inode->fs()->reset_mount_dir();
 
         return {};
     }

kernel/src/fs/VFS.h

@@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ namespace VFS
 
         virtual Result<void> set_mount_dir(SharedPtr<Inode> parent) = 0;
 
+        virtual Result<void> reset_mount_dir() = 0;
+
+        virtual bool is_readonly() const
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         virtual u64 handles() const
         {
             return m_handles;

kernel/src/fs/ext2/FileSystem.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "fs/ext2/FileSystem.h"
+#include "fs/ext2/Inode.h"
+#include <luna/Alignment.h>
+
+static VFS::InodeType vfs_type_from_ext2_type(mode_t mode)
+{
+    auto type = mode & 0xf000;
+
+    switch (type)
+    {
+    case EXT2_FIFO: return VFS::InodeType::FIFO;
+    case EXT2_CHR: return VFS::InodeType::CharacterDevice;
+    case EXT2_DIR: return VFS::InodeType::Directory;
+    case EXT2_BLK: return VFS::InodeType::BlockDevice;
+    case EXT2_REG: return VFS::InodeType::RegularFile;
+    case EXT2_LNK: return VFS::InodeType::Symlink;
+    case EXT2_SOCK: [[fallthrough]]; // TODO: Sockets not supported on Luna at the moment.
+    default: fail("ext2: Unknown or unsupported inode type");
+    }
+}
+
+namespace Ext2
+{
+    FileSystem::FileSystem()
+    {
+    }
+
+    Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> FileSystem::find_inode_by_number(ino_t inum, bool initialize_dir_now)
+    {
+        check(inum < m_superblock.nr_inodes);
+
+        auto maybe_inode = m_inode_cache.try_get(inum);
+        if (maybe_inode.has_value()) return maybe_inode.value();
+
+        const u32 block_group = (u32)((inum - 1) / m_superblock.inodes_per_block_group);
+
+        const auto* block_group_descriptor = TRY(find_block_group_descriptor(block_group));
+        check(block_group_descriptor);
+
+        // FIXME: Even if the inode size is bigger (Ext2::FileSystem::m_inode_size), we only read this amount. Enlarge
+        // the Inode structure to fit this case.
+        static constexpr usize INODE_SIZE = 128;
+
+        const u64 index = (inum - 1) % m_superblock.inodes_per_block_group;
+
+        const u64 inode_address = (block_group_descriptor->inode_table_start * m_block_size) + (index * m_inode_size);
+
+        auto inode = TRY(adopt_shared_if_nonnull(new (std::nothrow) Ext2::Inode({}, this)));
+        TRY(m_host_device->read((u8*)&inode->m_raw_inode, inode_address, INODE_SIZE));
+        inode->m_type = vfs_type_from_ext2_type(inode->m_raw_inode.mode);
+        inode->m_inum = inum;
+
+#ifdef EXT2_DEBUG
+        kdbgln("ext2: Read inode %lu with mode %#x (%#x + %#o), size %lu", inum, inode->m_raw_inode.mode,
+               inode->m_raw_inode.mode & 0xf000, inode->mode(), inode->size());
+#endif
+
+        m_inode_cache.try_set(inum, inode);
+
+        if (initialize_dir_now && inode->m_type == VFS::InodeType::Directory) TRY(inode->lazy_initialize_dir());
+
+        return (SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>)inode;
+    }
+
+    Result<const BlockGroupDescriptor*> FileSystem::find_block_group_descriptor(u32 index)
+    {
+        check(index < m_block_groups);
+
+        auto maybe_desc = m_block_group_descriptor_cache.try_get_ref(index);
+        if (maybe_desc) return maybe_desc;
+
+        const u64 address = (m_superblock.first_data_block + 1) * m_block_size + (index * sizeof(BlockGroupDescriptor));
+
+        BlockGroupDescriptor descriptor;
+        TRY(m_host_device->read((u8*)&descriptor, address, sizeof(descriptor)));
+
+        check(TRY(m_block_group_descriptor_cache.try_set(index, descriptor)));
+
+        return m_block_group_descriptor_cache.try_get_ref(index);
+    }
+
+    Result<SharedPtr<VFS::FileSystem>> FileSystem::create(SharedPtr<Device> host_device)
+    {
+        SharedPtr<FileSystem> fs = TRY(adopt_shared_if_nonnull(new (std::nothrow) FileSystem()));
+        const usize nread = TRY(host_device->read((u8*)&fs->m_superblock, 1024, 1024));
+        if (nread != 1024) return err(EINVAL);                            // Source had an invalid superblock.
+        if (fs->m_superblock.signature != EXT2_MAGIC) return err(EINVAL); // Source had an invalid superblock.
+
+        if (fs->m_superblock.major_version >= 1)
+        {
+            auto required = fs->m_superblock.ext_superblock.required_features;
+            if (required & EXT2_REQUIRED_COMPAT_D_TYPE) fs->m_dirs_have_type_field = true;
+
+            required &= ~EXT2_REQUIRED_COMPAT_D_TYPE;
+
+            if (required > 0)
+            {
+                kwarnln("ext2: File system has required features not supported by the implementation, cannot mount");
+                return err(EINVAL);
+            }
+
+            fs->m_uses_extended_size = true;
+            fs->m_inode_size = fs->m_superblock.ext_superblock.inode_size;
+        }
+
+        fs->m_host_device = host_device;
+
+        fs->m_block_size = 1024 << fs->m_superblock.log_block_size;
+        fs->m_block_groups = get_blocks_from_size(fs->m_superblock.nr_blocks, fs->m_superblock.blocks_per_block_group);
+
+#ifdef EXT2_DEBUG
+        kdbgln("ext2: Mounting new Ext2 file system, block size=%lu, blocks=%u, inodes=%u, block group=(%u blocks, %u "
+               "inodes), %lu block groups",
+               fs->m_block_size, fs->m_superblock.nr_blocks, fs->m_superblock.nr_inodes,
+               fs->m_superblock.blocks_per_block_group, fs->m_superblock.inodes_per_block_group, fs->m_block_groups);
+#endif
+
+        // Lookup the root inode.
+        fs->m_root_inode = TRY(fs->find_inode_by_number(2, true));
+
+        return (SharedPtr<VFS::FileSystem>)fs;
+    }
+
+    Result<void> FileSystem::set_mount_dir(SharedPtr<VFS::Inode> inode)
+    {
+        return m_root_inode->replace_entry(inode, "..");
+    }
+
+    Result<void> FileSystem::reset_mount_dir()
+    {
+        return m_root_inode->replace_entry(m_root_inode, "..");
+    }
+}

kernel/src/fs/ext2/FileSystem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "fs/VFS.h"
+#include "fs/devices/DeviceRegistry.h"
+#include <luna/HashMap.h>
+
+#define EXT2_MAGIC 0xef53
+
+#define EXT2_REQUIRED_COMPAT_D_TYPE 0x0002
+
+namespace Ext2
+{
+    struct [[gnu::packed]] Superblock
+    {
+        u32 nr_inodes;
+        u32 nr_blocks;
+        u32 nr_reserved_blocks;
+        u32 nr_free_blocks;
+        u32 nr_free_inodes;
+        u32 first_data_block;
+        u32 log_block_size;
+        u32 log_fragment_size;
+        u32 blocks_per_block_group;
+        u32 fragments_per_block_group;
+        u32 inodes_per_block_group;
+        u32 last_mount_time;
+        u32 last_write_time;
+
+        u16 mounts_since_last_fsck;
+        u16 mounts_allowed_before_fsck;
+        u16 signature;
+        u16 fs_state;
+        u16 error_action;
+        u16 minor_version;
+
+        u32 last_fsck_time;
+        u32 fsck_time_interval;
+        u32 os_id;
+        u32 major_version;
+
+        u16 reserved_block_uid;
+        u16 reserved_block_gid;
+        struct
+        {
+            u32 first_non_reserved_inode;
+            u16 inode_size;
+            u16 this_block_group;
+            u32 optional_features;
+            u32 required_features;
+            u32 ro_features;
+            u8 fsid[16];
+            u8 name[16];
+            u8 last_mountpoint[64];
+            u32 compression_algs;
+            u8 nr_preallocated_blocks_for_files;
+            u8 nr_preallocated_blocks_for_dirs;
+            u16 unused;
+            u8 journal_id[16];
+            u32 journal_inode;
+            u32 journal_device;
+            u32 orphan_inode_head;
+        } ext_superblock;
+        u8 padding[1024 - 236];
+    };
+
+    struct [[gnu::packed]] BlockGroupDescriptor
+    {
+        u32 block_usage_addr;
+        u32 inode_usage_addr;
+        u32 inode_table_start;
+        u16 nr_free_blocks;
+        u16 nr_free_inodes;
+        u16 nr_directories;
+        u8 padding[32 - 18];
+    };
+
+    struct [[gnu::packed]] RawInode
+    {
+        u16 mode;
+        u16 uid;
+        u32 size_low;
+        u32 atime;
+        u32 create_time;
+        u32 mtime;
+        u32 delete_time;
+        u16 gid;
+        u16 nlinks;
+        u32 sectors_used;
+        u32 flags;
+        u32 os_specific_1;
+        u32 direct_pointers[12];
+        u32 singly_indirect_ptr;
+        u32 doubly_indirect_ptr;
+        u32 triply_indirect_ptr;
+        u32 gen_number;
+        u32 extended_attrs;
+        u32 size_high;
+        u32 frag_addr;
+        u32 os_specific_2[3];
+    };
+
+    struct [[gnu::packed]] RawDirectoryEntry
+    {
+        u32 inum;
+        u16 size;
+        union {
+            u16 name_length;
+            struct
+            {
+                u8 name_length_low;
+                u8 type;
+            };
+        };
+        char name[4]; // Names should be padded to a multiple of 4 bytes.
+    };
+
+    static_assert(sizeof(Superblock) == 1024);
+    static_assert(sizeof(BlockGroupDescriptor) == 32);
+    static_assert(sizeof(RawInode) == 128);
+
+    class Inode;
+
+    class FileSystem : public VFS::FileSystem
+    {
+      public:
+        SharedPtr<VFS::Inode> root_inode() const override
+        {
+            return m_root_inode;
+        }
+
+        Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> create_file_inode() override
+        {
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> create_dir_inode(SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>) override
+        {
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> create_device_inode(u32, u32) override
+        {
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> create_symlink_inode(StringView) override
+        {
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<void> set_mount_dir(SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>) override;
+
+        Result<void> reset_mount_dir() override;
+
+        bool is_readonly() const override
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        static Result<SharedPtr<VFS::FileSystem>> create(SharedPtr<Device> host_device);
+
+        dev_t host_device_id() const override
+        {
+            return m_host_device_id;
+        }
+
+        Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> find_inode_by_number(ino_t inode, bool initialize_dir_now = false);
+        Result<const BlockGroupDescriptor*> find_block_group_descriptor(u32 index);
+
+        virtual ~FileSystem() = default;
+
+      private:
+        FileSystem();
+
+        SharedPtr<VFS::Inode> m_root_inode;
+
+        SharedPtr<Device> m_host_device;
+        dev_t m_host_device_id;
+
+        Superblock m_superblock;
+
+        u64 m_block_size;
+        u64 m_block_groups;
+
+        u32 m_inode_size { 128 };
+
+        bool m_dirs_have_type_field { false };
+        bool m_uses_extended_size { false };
+
+        // FIXME: This inode cache will keep all inodes in it alive despite having no other references to it, but we're
+        // not worrying about that as for now the filesystem implementation is read-only.
+        HashMap<ino_t, SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> m_inode_cache;
+
+        HashMap<u32, BlockGroupDescriptor> m_block_group_descriptor_cache;
+
+        friend class Inode;
+    };
+}

kernel/src/fs/ext2/Inode.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#include "fs/ext2/Inode.h"
+#include <luna/Buffer.h>
+
+namespace Ext2
+{
+    Inode::Inode(Badge<FileSystem>, FileSystem* fs) : m_fs(fs)
+    {
+    }
+
+    usize Inode::size() const
+    {
+        return (m_fs->m_uses_extended_size && (m_type == VFS::InodeType::RegularFile))
+                   ? ((u64)m_raw_inode.size_high << 32) | (u64)m_raw_inode.size_low
+                   : m_raw_inode.size_low;
+    }
+
+    Result<usize> Inode::read(u8* buf, usize offset, usize length) const
+    {
+        if (length == 0) return 0;
+
+        if (offset > size()) return 0;
+        if (offset + length > size()) length = size() - offset;
+
+        const usize block_size = m_fs->m_block_size;
+
+        usize to_read = length;
+
+        if (offset % block_size)
+        {
+            usize block_offset = (offset % block_size);
+            usize block = TRY(find_block(offset / block_size));
+            usize size_to_read = block_size - block_offset;
+            if (size_to_read > to_read) size_to_read = to_read;
+
+            usize host_offset = (block * block_size) + block_offset;
+
+            // FIXME: Cache this data.
+            TRY(m_fs->m_host_device->read(buf, host_offset, size_to_read));
+
+            to_read -= size_to_read;
+            buf += size_to_read;
+            offset += size_to_read;
+        }
+
+        while (to_read >= block_size)
+        {
+            usize block = TRY(find_block(offset / block_size));
+
+            usize host_offset = block * block_size;
+
+            // FIXME: Cache this data.
+            TRY(m_fs->m_host_device->read(buf, host_offset, block_size));
+
+            to_read -= block_size;
+            buf += block_size;
+            offset += block_size;
+        }
+
+        if (to_read > 0)
+        {
+            usize block = TRY(find_block(offset / block_size));
+
+            usize host_offset = block * block_size;
+
+            // FIXME: Cache this data.
+            TRY(m_fs->m_host_device->read(buf, host_offset, to_read));
+        }
+
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    Result<usize> Inode::find_block(usize index) const
+    {
+        if (index < 12) return m_raw_inode.direct_pointers[index];
+
+        usize block_index = (index - 12) * sizeof(u32);
+        if (block_index >= m_fs->m_block_size)
+        {
+            fail("ext2: Finding blocks beyond the singly indirect pointer block is not yet supported");
+        }
+
+        usize block_size = m_fs->m_block_size;
+
+        if (m_singly_indirect_block.is_empty())
+        {
+            TRY(m_singly_indirect_block.try_resize(block_size));
+            TRY(m_fs->m_host_device->read(m_singly_indirect_block.data(), m_raw_inode.singly_indirect_ptr * block_size,
+                                          block_size));
+        }
+
+        return *reinterpret_cast<u32*>(&m_singly_indirect_block.data()[block_index]);
+    }
+
+    Result<void> Inode::lazy_initialize_dir() const
+    {
+        check(m_type == VFS::InodeType::Directory);
+
+        const usize inode_size = size();
+        const usize block_size = m_fs->m_block_size;
+
+        u8* const buf = TRY(make_array<u8>(block_size));
+        auto guard = make_scope_guard([buf] { delete[] buf; });
+
+        m_entries.clear();
+
+        for (usize offset = 0; offset < inode_size; offset += block_size)
+        {
+            TRY(read(buf, offset, block_size));
+
+            usize dir_offset = 0;
+            while (dir_offset < block_size)
+            {
+                auto& entry = *(Ext2::RawDirectoryEntry*)&buf[dir_offset];
+
+                if (entry.inum != 0)
+                {
+                    auto inode = TRY(m_fs->find_inode_by_number(entry.inum));
+
+                    VFS::DirectoryEntry vfs_entry { inode, "" };
+                    vfs_entry.name.adopt(entry.name,
+                                         m_fs->m_dirs_have_type_field ? entry.name_length_low : entry.name_length);
+
+#ifdef EXT2_DEBUG
+                    kdbgln("ext2: Read new directory entry: inum=%u, name=%s, namelen=%lu", entry.inum,
+                           vfs_entry.name.chars(), vfs_entry.name.length());
+#endif
+
+                    TRY(m_entries.try_append(move(vfs_entry)));
+                }
+
+                dir_offset += entry.size;
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_dir_already_lazily_initialized = true;
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    Result<void> Inode::replace_entry(SharedPtr<VFS::Inode> inode, const char* name)
+    {
+        if (m_type != VFS::InodeType::Directory) return err(ENOTDIR);
+        if (!m_dir_already_lazily_initialized) TRY(lazy_initialize_dir());
+
+        for (auto& entry : m_entries)
+        {
+            if (!strcmp(name, entry.name.chars()))
+            {
+                entry.inode = inode;
+                return {};
+            }
+        }
+
+        return err(ENOENT);
+    }
+
+    Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> Inode::find(const char* name) const
+    {
+        if (m_type != VFS::InodeType::Directory) return err(ENOTDIR);
+        if (!m_dir_already_lazily_initialized) TRY(lazy_initialize_dir());
+
+        for (const auto& entry : m_entries)
+        {
+            if (!strcmp(name, entry.name.chars())) return entry.inode;
+        }
+
+        return err(ENOENT);
+    }
+
+    Option<VFS::DirectoryEntry> Inode::get(usize index) const
+    {
+        if (m_type != VFS::InodeType::Directory) return {};
+        if (!m_dir_already_lazily_initialized)
+            if (lazy_initialize_dir().has_error()) return {};
+
+        if (index >= m_entries.size()) return {};
+
+        return m_entries[index];
+    }
+
+    Result<StringView> Inode::readlink()
+    {
+        check(m_type == VFS::InodeType::Symlink);
+
+        if (!m_link.is_empty()) return m_link.view();
+
+        const usize length = size();
+
+        if (length < 60)
+        {
+            // The symlink location is stored inline within the inode's data blocks.
+            m_link = TRY(String::from_string_view(
+                StringView::from_fixed_size_cstring((char*)&m_raw_inode.direct_pointers[0], length)));
+
+            return m_link.view();
+        }
+
+        Buffer buf = TRY(Buffer::create_sized(length));
+        TRY(read(buf.data(), 0, length));
+
+        m_link = TRY(String::from_string_view(StringView::from_fixed_size_cstring((char*)buf.data(), length)));
+
+        return m_link.view();
+    }
+}

kernel/src/fs/ext2/Inode.h

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "fs/ext2/FileSystem.h"
+#include <luna/Buffer.h>
+#include <luna/String.h>
+
+#define EXT2_FIFO 0x1000
+#define EXT2_CHR 0x2000
+#define EXT2_DIR 0x4000
+#define EXT2_BLK 0x6000
+#define EXT2_REG 0x8000
+#define EXT2_LNK 0xA000
+#define EXT2_SOCK 0xC000
+
+namespace Ext2
+{
+    class Inode : public VFS::Inode
+    {
+      public:
+        VFS::InodeType type() const override
+        {
+            return m_type;
+        }
+
+        usize size() const override;
+
+        mode_t mode() const override
+        {
+            return m_raw_inode.mode & 07777;
+        }
+
+        nlink_t nlinks() const override
+        {
+            return m_raw_inode.nlinks;
+        }
+
+        u32 uid() const override
+        {
+            return m_raw_inode.uid;
+        }
+
+        u32 gid() const override
+        {
+            return m_raw_inode.gid;
+        }
+
+        usize inode_number() const override
+        {
+            return m_inum;
+        }
+
+        VFS::FileSystem* fs() const override
+        {
+            return m_fs;
+        }
+
+        void did_link() override
+        {
+        }
+
+        void did_unlink() override
+        {
+        }
+
+        Result<void> chmod(mode_t) override
+        {
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<void> chown(u32, u32) override
+        {
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<usize> read(u8* buf, usize offset, usize length) const override;
+
+        Result<usize> write(const u8*, usize, usize) override
+        {
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<void> truncate(usize) override
+        {
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> find(const char*) const override;
+
+        Option<VFS::DirectoryEntry> get(usize) const override;
+
+        Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> create_file(const char*) override
+        {
+            if (m_type != VFS::InodeType::Directory) return err(ENOTDIR);
+
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>> create_subdirectory(const char*) override
+        {
+            if (m_type != VFS::InodeType::Directory) return err(ENOTDIR);
+
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<void> add_entry(SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>, const char*) override
+        {
+            if (m_type != VFS::InodeType::Directory) return err(ENOTDIR);
+
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        Result<void> replace_entry(SharedPtr<VFS::Inode>, const char*) override;
+
+        Result<void> remove_entry(const char*) override
+        {
+            if (m_type != VFS::InodeType::Directory) return err(ENOTDIR);
+
+            return err(EROFS);
+        }
+
+        usize entries() const override
+        {
+            return m_entries.size();
+        }
+
+        bool blocking() const override
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Result<StringView> readlink() override;
+
+        Result<void> lazy_initialize_dir() const;
+
+        // FIXME: Implement readlink() and device numbers.
+
+        Inode(Badge<FileSystem>, FileSystem* fs);
+        virtual ~Inode() = default;
+
+      private:
+        VFS::InodeType m_type;
+        RawInode m_raw_inode;
+        FileSystem* m_fs;
+        ino_t m_inum;
+
+        mutable Buffer m_singly_indirect_block;
+
+        String m_link;
+
+        mutable Vector<VFS::DirectoryEntry> m_entries;
+        mutable bool m_dir_already_lazily_initialized { false };
+
+        Result<usize> find_block(usize index) const;
+
+        friend class FileSystem;
+    };
+}

kernel/src/fs/tmpfs/FileSystem.cpp

@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ namespace TmpFS
         return m_root_inode->replace_entry(parent, "..");
     }
 
+    Result<void> FileSystem::reset_mount_dir()
+    {
+        return m_root_inode->replace_entry(m_root_inode, "..");
+    }
+
     void FileSystem::set_root(SharedPtr<VFS::Inode> root)
     {
         m_root_inode = root;

kernel/src/fs/tmpfs/FileSystem.h

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ namespace TmpFS
 
         Result<void> set_mount_dir(SharedPtr<VFS::Inode> parent) override;
 
+        Result<void> reset_mount_dir() override;
+
         static Result<SharedPtr<VFS::FileSystem>> create();
 
         dev_t host_device_id() const override

kernel/src/sys/exec.cpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Result<u64> sys_execve(Registers* regs, SyscallArgs args)
     kdbgln("exec: attempting to replace current image with %s", path.chars());
 #endif
 
-    auto guard = make_scope_guard([current] { MMU::switch_page_directory(current->directory); });
+    auto guard = make_scope_guard([current] { MMU::switch_page_directory(current->self_directory); });
 
     auto image = TRY(ThreadImage::try_load_from_elf(inode));
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Result<u64> sys_execve(Registers* regs, SyscallArgs args)
         }
     }
 
-    MMU::delete_userspace_page_directory(current->directory);
+    MMU::delete_userspace_page_directory(current->self_directory);
 
     if (VFS::is_setuid(inode)) current->auth.euid = current->auth.suid = inode->uid();
     if (VFS::is_setgid(inode)) current->auth.egid = current->auth.sgid = inode->gid();
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Result<u64> sys_execve(Registers* regs, SyscallArgs args)
 
     image->apply(current);
 
-    MMU::switch_page_directory(current->directory);
+    MMU::switch_page_directory(current->self_directory);
 
     current->set_arguments(user_argc, user_argv, user_envc, user_envp);
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Result<u64> sys_fork(Registers* regs, SyscallArgs)
 {
     auto current = Scheduler::current();
 
-    auto guard = make_scope_guard([current] { MMU::switch_page_directory(current->directory); });
+    auto guard = make_scope_guard([current] { MMU::switch_page_directory(current->self_directory); });
 
     memcpy(&current->regs, regs, sizeof(*regs));
 

kernel/src/sys/mount.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "fs/VFS.h"
+#include "fs/ext2/FileSystem.h"
 #include "fs/tmpfs/FileSystem.h"
 #include "memory/MemoryManager.h"
 #include "sys/Syscall.h"
@@ -8,15 +9,28 @@ Result<u64> sys_mount(Registers*, SyscallArgs args)
 {
     auto target = TRY(MemoryManager::strdup_from_user(args[0]));
     auto fstype = TRY(MemoryManager::strdup_from_user(args[1]));
+    auto source = TRY(MemoryManager::strdup_from_user(args[2]));
 
     auto* current = Scheduler::current();
     if (current->auth.euid != 0) return err(EPERM);
 
+    auto get_source = [current, &source]() -> Result<SharedPtr<Device>> {
+        auto inode = TRY(VFS::resolve_path(source.chars(), current->auth, current->current_directory));
+        if (inode->type() != VFS::InodeType::BlockDevice) return err(ENOTBLK);
+        dev_t device_id = inode->device_id();
+        return TRY(DeviceRegistry::fetch_special_device(luna_dev_major(device_id), luna_dev_minor(device_id)));
+    };
+
     SharedPtr<VFS::FileSystem> fs;
 
     if (fstype.view() == "tmpfs") fs = TRY(TmpFS::FileSystem::create());
     else if (fstype.view() == "devfs")
         fs = TRY(DeviceRegistry::create_devfs_instance());
+    else if (fstype.view() == "ext2")
+    {
+        auto source_device = TRY(get_source());
+        fs = TRY(Ext2::FileSystem::create(source_device));
+    }
     else
         return err(ENODEV);
 

kernel/src/sys/open.cpp

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ Result<u64> sys_openat(Registers*, SyscallArgs args)
         inode->chown(current->auth.euid, current->auth.egid);
     }
 
+    if ((flags & O_WRONLY) && inode->fs() && inode->fs()->is_readonly()) return err(EROFS);
+
     if (inode->type() != VFS::InodeType::Directory && (flags & O_DIRECTORY)) return err(ENOTDIR);
 
     if (inode->type() == VFS::InodeType::Directory)

kernel/src/thread/Scheduler.cpp

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ namespace Scheduler
             }
         }
 
-        if (!thread->is_kernel) MMU::delete_userspace_page_directory(thread->directory);
+        if (!thread->is_kernel) MMU::delete_userspace_page_directory(thread->self_directory);
 
         delete thread;
 
@@ -235,9 +235,9 @@ namespace Scheduler
         {
             switch_context(old_thread, new_thread, regs);
             if (!old_thread->is_kernel) old_thread->fp_data.save();
-            if (old_thread->is_kernel && MMU::get_page_directory() != MMU::kernel_page_directory())
-                old_thread->directory = MMU::get_page_directory();
-            if (new_thread->directory) MMU::switch_page_directory(new_thread->directory);
+            if (MMU::get_page_directory() != MMU::kernel_page_directory())
+                old_thread->active_directory = MMU::get_page_directory();
+            if (new_thread->active_directory) MMU::switch_page_directory(new_thread->active_directory);
             if (!new_thread->is_kernel)
             {
                 CPU::switch_kernel_stack(new_thread->kernel_stack.top());

kernel/src/thread/Thread.h

@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ struct Thread : public LinkedListNode<Thread>
     Thread* parent { nullptr };
     Option<pid_t> child_being_waited_for = {};
 
-    PageDirectory* directory;
+    PageDirectory* self_directory;
+    PageDirectory* active_directory { nullptr };
 
     [[noreturn]] void exit_and_signal_parent(u8 status);
 

kernel/src/thread/ThreadImage.cpp

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Result<OwnedPtr<ThreadImage>> ThreadImage::clone_from_thread(Thread* parent)
 
     auto vm_allocator = TRY(parent->vm_allocator->clone());
 
-    auto new_directory = TRY(MMU::clone_userspace_page_directory(parent->directory));
+    auto new_directory = TRY(MMU::clone_userspace_page_directory(parent->self_directory));
 
     const ELFData data = { .entry = parent->ip() };
 
@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@ void ThreadImage::apply(Thread* thread)
     thread->stack = m_user_stack;
     thread->set_sp(align_down<16>(m_sp));
 
-    thread->directory = m_directory;
+    thread->self_directory = m_directory;
+    thread->active_directory = m_directory;
 
     thread->vm_allocator = move(m_vm_allocator);
 }

libc/include/sys/mount.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ extern "C"
 #endif
 
     /* Mount a file system on target. */
-    int mount(const char* target, const char* fstype);
+    int mount(const char* target, const char* fstype, const char* source);
 
     /* Unmount the file system mounted on target. */
     int umount(const char* target);

libc/src/sys/mount.cpp

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 extern "C"
 {
-    int mount(const char* target, const char* fstype)
+    int mount(const char* target, const char* fstype, const char* source)
     {
-        long rc = syscall(SYS_mount, target, fstype);
+        long rc = syscall(SYS_mount, target, fstype, source);
         __errno_return(rc, int);
     }
 

libluna/include/luna/HashMap.h

@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ template <typename K, typename V> struct HashMap
         return p->value;
     }
 
+    V* try_get_ref(const K& key)
+    {
+        auto* p = m_table.try_find(HashPair<K, V> { key, {} });
+        if (!p) return nullptr;
+        return p->value.value_ptr();
+    }
+
     bool try_remove(const K& key)
     {
         return m_table.try_remove(HashPair<K, V> { key, {} });

libluna/include/luna/SharedPtr.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <luna/Alloc.h>
 #include <luna/Atomic.h>
+#include <luna/Hash.h>
 #include <luna/OwnedPtr.h>
 #include <luna/Result.h>
 #include <luna/ScopeGuard.h>
@@ -84,6 +85,11 @@ template <typename T> class SharedPtr
         return *this;
     }
 
+    bool operator==(const SharedPtr<T>& other)
+    {
+        return m_ptr == other.m_ptr && m_ref_count == other.m_ref_count;
+    }
+
     T* ptr() const
     {
         return m_ptr;

libluna/include/luna/StaticString.h

@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@ template <usize Size> class StaticString
             m_length = length;
     }
 
+    void adopt(const char* string, usize length)
+    {
+        if (length > Size) length = Size;
+
+        memcpy(m_buffer, string, length);
+
+        m_buffer[length] = 0;
+        m_length = length;
+    }
+
     void adopt(StringView string)
     {
         usize length = strlcpy(m_buffer, string.chars(),

luna.json

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
         },
         {
             "type": "ext2",
-            "size": 2,
-            "directory": "base",
-            "name": "sysroot"
+            "file": "build/ext2fs.bin",
+            "name": "luna-rootfs"
         }
     ]
 }

tools/make-iso.sh

@@ -7,4 +7,6 @@ cd $LUNA_ROOT
 
 fakeroot -u -s $LUNA_ROOT/.fakeroot -- tools/install.sh
 
-fakeroot -u -i $LUNA_ROOT/.fakeroot -- mkbootimg luna.json Luna.iso
+genext2fs -d base -B 4096 -b 1024 -L luna-rootfs -U -N 1024 build/ext2fs.bin
+
+fakeroot -u -i $LUNA_ROOT/.fakeroot mkbootimg luna.json Luna.iso