libos+LICENSE: Update copyright year

Happy new year!

.clang-format

@@ -9,4 +9,6 @@ AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: None
 AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Always
 AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: All
 AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: 'true'
-PointerAlignment: Left
+PointerAlignment: Left
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: 'false'
+SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: 'true'

.gdbconf

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-file kernel/bin/moon.elf
+file kernel/moon
 break _start
 target remote :1234
 continue

.gitea/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Build and test
+run-name: ${{ gitea.actor }} is testing and running the code
+on: [push]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out the code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Download dependencies
+        run: |
+          apt update
+          apt install -y cmake ninja-build nasm genext2fs qemu-system build-essential wget git clang-format
+      - name: Set up the toolchain
+        run: |
+          wget https://pub.cloudapio.eu/luna/toolchains/ci-toolchain-arm64.tar.gz --quiet
+          tar xf ci-toolchain-arm64.tar.gz
+          rm ci-toolchain-arm64.tar.gz
+      - name: Check formatting
+        run: tools/check-formatting.sh
+      - name: Build and run tests
+        run: tools/run-tests.sh

.gitignore

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 Luna.iso
 toolchain/
-.vscode/
+build/
-**/*.o
 initrd/boot/moon
-kernel/bin/moon
+initrd/ksyms
-initrd/sys/moon.sym
+env-local.sh
 initrd/bin/**
-apps/bin/**
+base/usr/*
-tests/**/bin/**
+!base/usr/share
-base/usr/**
+base/usr/share/*
-**/*.a
+!base/usr/share/fonts
-ports/**/workdir/**
+!base/usr/share/icons
-ports/ports.list
+!base/usr/share/applications
-**/*.pkg.tar.xz
+base/etc/skel/LICENSE
+.fakeroot
+kernel/config.cmake
+ports/out/
+ports/temp/
+ports/dev/

.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "Luna",
+            "compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/toolchain/x86_64-luna/bin/x86_64-luna-gcc",
+            "cStandard": "c17",
+            "cppStandard": "c++20",
+            "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64",
+            "configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
+            "includePath": [
+                "${default}",
+                "${workspaceFolder}/base/usr/include",
+                "${workspaceFolder}/libc/include",
+                "${workspaceFolder}/libluna/include"
+            ]
+        }
+    ],
+    "version": 4
+}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+    "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+    "editor.defaultFormatter": "xaver.clang-format",
+    "files.exclude": {
+        "toolchain/build/**": true,
+        "toolchain/tarballs/**": true,
+    },
+    "search.exclude": {
+        "toolchain/build/**": true,
+        "toolchain/tarballs/**": true,
+    },
+    "editor.tabSize": 4,
+    "files.trimFinalNewlines": true,
+    "files.insertFinalNewline": true,
+    "git.inputValidationLength": 72,
+    "git.inputValidationSubjectLength": 72,
+    "doxdocgen.file.fileOrder": [
+        "file",
+        "author",
+        "brief",
+        "empty",
+        "copyright",
+        "empty"
+    ],
+    "doxdocgen.file.copyrightTag": [
+        "@copyright Copyright (c) {year}, the Luna authors."
+    ]
+}

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8..3.22)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_WORKS 1)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_WORKS 1)
+
+set(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING true)
+
+project(Luna LANGUAGES C CXX ASM ASM_NASM VERSION 0.7.0)
+set(LUNA_RELEASE_NAME "Pulsar")
+
+set(LUNA_ROOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
+set(LUNA_BASE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/base)
+
+set(LUNA_ARCH $ENV{LUNA_ARCH})
+
+if(NOT DEFINED LUNA_ARCH)
+set(LUNA_ARCH "x86_64")
+endif()
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER ${LUNA_ARCH}-luna-gcc)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${LUNA_ARCH}-luna-g++)
+set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER ${LUNA_ARCH}-luna-gcc)
+
+set(CMAKE_ASM_NASM_OBJECT_FORMAT elf64)
+
+set(CMAKE_ASM_NASM_LINK_EXECUTABLE "${LUNA_ARCH}-luna-ld <FLAGS> <CMAKE_ASM_NASM_LINK_FLAGS> <LINK_FLAGS> <OBJECTS>  -o <TARGET> <LINK_LIBRARIES>")
+
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH ${LUNA_ROOT}/toolchain/${LUNA_ARCH}-luna)
+
+message(STATUS "Configuring Luna for ${LUNA_ARCH}")
+
+set(COMMON_FLAGS -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wvla 
+    -Wdisabled-optimization -Wformat=2 -Winit-self 
+    -Wmissing-include-dirs -Wswitch-default -Wcast-qual 
+    -Wundef -Wcast-align -Wwrite-strings -Wlogical-op 
+    -Wredundant-decls -Wshadow -Wconversion -Wbidi-chars=any
+    -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-omit-frame-pointer 
+    -std=c++20 -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions)
+
+if(LUNA_NO_OPTIMIZATIONS)
+set(COMMON_FLAGS ${COMMON_FLAGS} -ggdb)
+else()
+set(COMMON_FLAGS ${COMMON_FLAGS} -Os)
+endif()
+
+add_subdirectory(libluna)
+add_subdirectory(libos)
+add_subdirectory(gui)
+add_subdirectory(libc)
+add_subdirectory(kernel)
+add_subdirectory(utils)
+add_subdirectory(tests)
+add_subdirectory(shell)
+add_subdirectory(system)

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 BSD 2-Clause License
 
-Copyright (c) 2022, apio.
+Copyright (c) 2022-2025, apio.
 All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Makefile

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-CC := x86_64-luna-gcc
-CXX := x86_64-luna-g++
-ASM := nasm
-AR := x86_64-luna-ar
-LD := x86_64-luna-ld
-
-build:
-	+@tools/sync-libc.sh
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh kernel build
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh libs build
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh apps build
-
-clean: initrd-clean
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh kernel clean
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh libs clean
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh apps clean
-
-initrd-clean:
-	rm -f $(LUNA_ROOT)/initrd/boot/moon $(LUNA_ROOT)/Luna.iso
-	rm -rf $(LUNA_ROOT)/initrd/bin
-
-install:
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh kernel install
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh libs install
-	+@tools/buildstep.sh apps install
-	+@tools/install-built-ports.sh

README.md

@@ -1,99 +1,56 @@
 # Luna
-A simple kernel and userspace for the x86_64 platform, written mostly in C++ and C.
+A simple POSIX-based operating system for 64-bit computers, written in C++.
+
+## Another UNIX clone?
+[Yes, another UNIX clone](https://wiki.osdev.org/User:Sortie/Yes_Another_Unix_Clone).
 
 ## Features
-- x86_64-compatible [kernel](kernel/).
+- Lightweight 64-bit [kernel](kernel/). Compatible with the x86_64 architecture.
-- Keeps track of which [memory](kernel/src/memory/) is used and which memory is free, and can allocate memory for itself and [user programs](kernel/src/sys/mem.cpp).
+- Basic threads/processes, using a simple round-robin [scheduler](kernel/src/thread/).
-- Can read, write and execute files from a [virtual file system](kernel/src/fs/) supporting an initial ramdisk, device pseudo-filesystems... but no hard disks yet.
+- Read-only [ext2](kernel/src/fs/ext2/) filesystem.
-- Preemptive multitasking, with a round-robin [scheduler](kernel/src/thread/) that can switch between tasks.
+- Can [load ELF executables](kernel/src/binfmt/ELF.cpp), [shebang scripts](kernel/src/binfmt/Script.cpp) or [arbitrary binary formats](kernel/src/binfmt/BinaryFormat.h) (registered through kernel modules, which are not supported yet =D).
-- Can [load ELF programs](kernel/src/sys/elf/) from the file system as userspace tasks.
+- [C Library](libc/), aiming for POSIX compatibility, with many features such as local domain sockets, signals, and shared memory.
-- [System call](kernel/src/sys/) interface and [C Library](libs/libc/), aiming to be mostly POSIX-compatible.
+- Support for [several third-party programs](ports/), including the [GNU binutils](ports/binutils/PACKAGE) suite of utilities and the [GCC](ports/gcc/PACKAGE) compiler.
-- UNIX-like [multitasking primitives](kernel/src/sys/exec.cpp), which allow user tasks to spawn other tasks.
+- Designed to be [portable](kernel/src/arch), so that additional architectures can be added in the future with relatively low effort.
-- Some simple [userspace programs](apps/src/), written in C.
+- Everything text-related is designed around [UTF-8](libluna/include/luna/Utf8.h).
-- Simple [command-line shell](apps/src/sh.c), allowing for interactive use of the system.
+- Environment-agnostic [utility library](libluna/), which can be used in both kernel and userspace.
-- Basic multi-user system with [a password file](initrd/etc/passwd) and utilities for [logging in](apps/src/session.c) and [switching users](apps/src/su.c).
+- An extensive set of [standard Unix utilities](apps/), from [ls](apps/ls.cpp) to [uname](apps/uname.cpp) to [base64](apps/base64.cpp). Written in modern C++ and very small amounts of code, using Luna's practical [OS library](libos/).
+- A simple and efficient [windowing system](wind/), providing a lightweight GUI environment (still in development, not many GUI apps exist).
 
-## Notes
+## Screenshot
-- The default user is named 'selene' and you can log into it with the password 'moon'.
+![Screenshot as of 0.6.0](docs/screenshots/screenshot-0.6.0.png)
+
+## System requirements and dependencies
+
+Read [docs/dependencies.md](docs/dependencies.md) for the full information. In short, all modern Unixes should work, provided the dependencies are available.
 
 ## Setup
-To build and run Luna, you will need to build a [GCC Cross-Compiler](https://wiki.osdev.org/Why_do_I_need_a_Cross_Compiler%3F) and cross-binutils for `x86_64-luna`. (Yes, Luna is advanced enough that it can use its own [OS-Specific Toolchain](https://wiki.osdev.org/OS_Specific_Toolchain), instead of a bare metal target like `x86_64-elf`. It is the first of my OS projects to be able to do so. The patches for Binutils and GCC are [binutils.patch](tools/binutils.patch) and [gcc.patch](tools/gcc.patch)).
 
-You should start by installing the [required dependencies](https://wiki.osdev.org/GCC_Cross_Compiler#Installing_Dependencies).
+To build and run Luna, you will need to build a [cross-compiler](https://wiki.osdev.org/Why_do_I_need_a_Cross_Compiler) and cross-binutils for `x86_64-luna`.
 
-Then, run `tools/setup.sh` to build the toolchain.
+There is a script provided for this. Run `tools/setup.sh` to build the toolchain.
-
-This script will check whether you have the required versions of the toolchain already setup, and will skip building them if so. (This means that it is used by the build scripts to install the toolchain if it is missing before building, so you could skip running it manually.)
 
 Please beware that building GCC and Binutils can take some time, depending on your machine.
 
-## Building
-Yes, there is a Makefile sitting on the top level of the repository. It's tempting. But do not use it directly, since it depends on environment variables set by the build scripts.
-
-There are a variety of scripts for building Luna.
-
-`tools/build.sh` will build the kernel, libc and binaries.
-
-`tools/rebuild.sh` will do a full rebuild of the kernel, libc and binaries.
-
-`tools/install.sh` will install those to the system root and initial ramdisk.
-
-`tools/sync-libc.sh` will install the libc headers to the system root, build libc and install it.
-
-`tools/build-iso.sh` will build, install, and make an ISO disk image named Luna.iso.
-
-`tools/build-debug.sh` will rebuild the kernel with debug symbols and optimizations disabled, install, and make an ISO image. This script should only be used when you are going to be running the system with a debugger (such as GDB).
-
-`tools/build-stable-iso.sh` does the same thing as build-iso.sh, but configures the kernel so that the version does not show the commit hash (used for stable versions).
-
-`tools/rebuild-iso.sh` will do a clean rebuild, install, and make an ISO disk image.
-
-In most cases, you should just use `build-iso.sh`.
-
 ## Running
 
-You should have [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/) installed.
+`tools/run.sh` is the script you should use in most cases. It will build changed files, install, make an ISO image, and run Luna in QEMU.
 
-You can choose between 3 run scripts:
+If you have no toolchain set up, `run.sh` will build it automatically, which means that you don't necessarily have to run `setup.sh` manually since `run.sh` does it for you.
 
-`tools/run.sh` is the one you should use in most cases. It will build (only files that have changed since last build), install, make an ISO image, and run Luna in QEMU.
+## Login UI
 
-`tools/rebuild-and-run.sh` will rebuild, install, make an ISO, and run Luna in QEMU.
+For development convenience, the system automatically starts a GUI session as the default user, without prompting for a password.
 
-`tools/debug.sh` will run Luna in QEMU with a port open for GDB to connect to. (run `tools/build-debug.sh`, `tools/gdb.sh`, and then `tools/debug.sh` in a separate terminal for an optimal debugging experience)
+Despite this, Luna does have a login window built-in. If you'd like to try this feature out or start a GUI session as a different user, you'll need to edit [base/etc/loginui.conf](base/etc/loginui.conf) and change the line that says `Autologin=true` to `Autologin=false`.
-
-Beware that running with optimizations disabled may cause the kernel to behave differently, which is why I don't use it that often.
-
-Essentially, since `run.sh` builds the toolchain if it hasn't been built, builds Luna if it hasn't been built, and runs it, you could just checkout this repo, run `run.sh`, and you're done. No need for the other scripts. Those are included for more fine-grained control/building step-by-step.
-
-You can pass any arguments you want to the run scripts, and those will be forwarded to QEMU. Example: `tools/run.sh -m 512M -net none -machine q35`.
 
 ## Prebuilt images
 
-Prebuilt ISO images (numbered) for every version can be found at [pub.cloudapio.eu](https://pub.cloudapio.eu/luna/releases).
+Prebuilt ISO images for every release version can be found at [pub.cloudapio.eu](https://pub.cloudapio.eu/luna/releases).
-
-These images are built manually whenever I decide to make a new version, and thus don't reflect the latest changes on the `main` branch.
-
-Every hour, my server pulls the latest commits on `main` and builds an hourly ISO image. The ten most recent ones can be found in the [hourly](https://pub.cloudapio.eu/luna/hourly) directory, and [Luna-latest.iso](https://pub.cloudapio.eu/luna/Luna-latest.iso) should always be symlinked to the newest one.
-
-These images do reflect the latest changes on the `main` branch, but are obviously less stable. Additionally, an hourly image will be skipped if building the latest commit of the project fails.
 
 ## Is there third-party software I can use on Luna?
 
-Yes, actually! Check out the [ports](ports/) directory.
+Yes! A ports system is in place, and you can use the build scripts to add some ports to your image. More information in the [Ports](ports/README.md) page.
-Right now, there are very few ports, because our C Library is a bit primitive and doesn't support complex projects.
-
-You should also keep in mind that it is not possible to compile software written in any language other than C/C++ (and C++ was added recently, its standard library doesn't work very well) for Luna right now.
-
-But feel free to try to port some program yourself and add it to the ports directory!
-
-Port usage: 
-    
-`ports/add-port.sh <port-name>` will build and add a port to the list of installed ports, and the built port will automatically get installed into the system root every time you run Luna.
-    
-`ports/remove-port.sh <port-name>` will remove the port from the list of installed ports, remove built files from the system root, as well as the build directory.
-
-`ports/make-package.sh <port-name>` will compile the port and make a package archive from it, which may be used in the future with a package manager :)
 
 ## License
-Luna is open-source and free software under the [BSD-2 License](LICENSE).
+Luna is open-source and free software under the [BSD-2-Clause License](LICENSE).

apps/Makefile

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-C_APPS := init sh uname uptime hello ps ls args cat stat su session date mkdir screen
-CXX_APPS := hello-cpp
-
-APPS_DIR := $(LUNA_ROOT)/apps
-APPS_SRC := $(APPS_DIR)/src
-APPS_BIN := $(APPS_DIR)/bin
-
-C_APPS_PATH := $(patsubst %, $(APPS_BIN)/%, $(C_APPS))
-CXX_APPS_PATH := $(patsubst %, $(APPS_BIN)/%, $(CXX_APPS))
-
-CFLAGS := -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Os -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wl,--gc-sections
-CXXFLAGS := -fno-exceptions
-
-$(APPS_BIN)/%: $(APPS_SRC)/%.c
-	@mkdir -p $(@D)
-	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^
-	@echo "  CC $^"
-
-$(APPS_BIN)/%: $(APPS_SRC)/%.cpp
-	@mkdir -p $(@D)
-	@$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ $^
-	@echo "  CXX $^"
-
-build: $(C_APPS_PATH) $(CXX_APPS_PATH)
-
-install: $(C_APPS_PATH) $(CXX_APPS_PATH)
-	@mkdir -p $(LUNA_ROOT)/initrd/bin
-	@cp $(C_APPS_PATH) $(CXX_APPS_PATH) $(LUNA_ROOT)/initrd/bin
-	@echo "  INSTALL $(C_APPS_PATH) $(CXX_APPS_PATH)"
-	@chmod a+s $(LUNA_ROOT)/initrd/bin/su
-
-clean:
-	rm -f $(APPS_BIN)/*

apps/src/args.c

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) puts(argv[i]);
-}

apps/src/cat.c

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#define _GNU_SOURCE // for program_invocation_name
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-void cat(FILE* stream)
-{
-    char buf[BUFSIZ];
-    do {
-        fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, stream);
-        if (ferror(stream))
-        {
-            perror(program_invocation_name);
-            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-        }
-        fputs(buf, stdout);
-    } while (!feof(stream));
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    if (argc == 1) cat(stdin);
-    else
-    {
-        for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
-        {
-            if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0) cat(stdin);
-            else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-n") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "--newline") == 0)
-                putchar('\n');
-            else
-            {
-                FILE* stream = fopen(argv[i], "r");
-                if (!stream)
-                {
-                    perror(program_invocation_name);
-                    return EXIT_FAILURE;
-                }
-                cat(stream);
-                fclose(stream);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

apps/src/date.c

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-int main()
-{
-    time_t date = time(NULL);
-
-    fputs(ctime(&date), stdout);
-}

apps/src/hello-cpp.cpp

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#include <cstdio>
-
-int main()
-{
-    printf("Well hello world!\n");
-}

apps/src/hello.c

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-int main()
-{
-    puts("Hello, world!");
-}

apps/src/init.c

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <luna.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-void show_motd()
-{
-    int fd = open("/etc/motd", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-    if (fd < 0)
-    {
-        if (errno != ENOENT) { perror("open"); }
-        return;
-    }
-    FILE* fp = fdopen(fd, "r");
-    if (!fp)
-    {
-        perror("fopen");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    char buf[4096];
-    size_t nread = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf) - 1, fp);
-    if (ferror(fp))
-    {
-        perror("fread");
-        fclose(fp);
-        return;
-    }
-    buf[nread] = 0;
-
-    puts(buf);
-
-    fclose(fp);
-
-    putchar('\n');
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    if (getpid() != 1)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "init must be started as PID 1\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (getuid() != 0)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "init must be started as root\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    show_motd();
-
-    pid_t child = fork();
-    if (child < 0)
-    {
-        perror("fork");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    if (child == 0)
-    {
-        char* argv[] = {"/bin/session", NULL};
-        execv(argv[0], argv);
-        perror("execv");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    pid_t result;
-
-    for (;;)
-    {
-        result = wait(NULL);
-        if (result == child) return 0;
-    }
-}

apps/src/ls.c

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    const char* pathname;
-    if (argc == 1) pathname = "/";
-    else
-        pathname = argv[1];
-    DIR* dp = opendir(pathname);
-    if (!dp)
-    {
-        perror("opendir");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    bool first_ent = true;
-    do {
-        struct dirent* ent = readdir(dp);
-        if (!ent) break;
-        printf(first_ent ? "%s" : " %s", ent->d_name);
-        first_ent = false;
-    } while (1);
-
-    printf("\n");
-
-    closedir(dp);
-    return 0;
-}

apps/src/mkdir.c

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    if (argc == 1)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [directory]", argv[0]);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (mkdir(argv[1], 0755) < 0)
-    {
-        perror("mkdir");
-        return 1;
-    }
-}

apps/src/ps.c

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <luna/pstat.h>
-#include <pwd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-pid_t get_current_max_threads()
-{
-    pid_t result = pstat(-1, NULL);
-    if (result < 0)
-    {
-        perror("pstat(-1)");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-void display_process(struct pstat* pstatbuf)
-{
-    struct passwd* pwd = getpwuid(pstatbuf->pt_uid);
-    if (!pwd && errno) perror("getpwuid");
-    printf("%s %ld %ld %s %s (%ld ms)\n", pwd ? pwd->pw_name : "???", pstatbuf->pt_pid, pstatbuf->pt_ppid,
-           pstatbuf->pt_name, pstatname(pstatbuf), pstatbuf->pt_time);
-}
-
-int try_pstat(pid_t pid, struct pstat* pstatbuf)
-{
-    pid_t result = pstat(pid, pstatbuf);
-    if (result < 0)
-    {
-        if (errno == ESRCH) return 0;
-        perror("pstat");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    struct pstat pst;
-    pid_t max = get_current_max_threads();
-    for (pid_t pid = 0; pid <= max; pid++)
-    {
-        if (try_pstat(pid, &pst)) { display_process(&pst); }
-    }
-    endpwent();
-}

apps/src/screen.c

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-int main()
-{
-    int fd = open("/dev/fb0", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-    if (fd < 0)
-    {
-        perror("open");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    int fb_width = ioctl(fd, FB_GET_WIDTH);
-    if (fb_width < 0)
-    {
-        perror("ioctl(FB_GET_WIDTH)");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    int fb_height = ioctl(fd, FB_GET_HEIGHT);
-    if (fb_height < 0)
-    {
-        perror("ioctl(FB_GET_HEIGHT)");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    printf("Your screen is %dx%d\n", fb_width, fb_height);
-
-    close(fd);
-}

apps/src/session.c

@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <pwd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-static char* echoing_fgets(char* buf, size_t size, FILE* stream)
-{
-    char* s = buf;
-    memset(buf, 0, size);
-    size_t oldsize = size;
-    while (size)
-    {
-        int c = fgetc(stream);
-        if (c == EOF)
-        {
-            if (ferror(stream)) return NULL;
-            if (feof(stream))
-            {
-                if (s != buf) return s;
-                else
-                    return NULL;
-            };
-        }
-        if ((char)c == '\b')
-        {
-            if (size != oldsize)
-            {
-                buf--;
-                size++;
-                putchar('\b');
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            size--;
-            *buf = (char)c;
-            buf++;
-            putchar((char)c);
-            if ((char)c == '\n') return s;
-        }
-        *buf = 0;
-    }
-    return s;
-}
-
-static void strip_newline(char* str)
-{
-    size_t len = strlen(str);
-    if (str[len - 1] == '\n') str[len - 1] = 0;
-}
-
-static char* collect_password()
-{
-    static char buf[BUFSIZ];
-
-    printf("Password: ");
-    fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, stdin);
-
-    strip_newline(buf);
-    putchar('\n');
-
-    char* copy = strdup(
-        buf); // The password only stays in a caller-controlled heap-allocated buffer, where it can be freed at will.
-
-    memset(buf, 0, BUFSIZ);
-
-    return copy;
-}
-
-static void login_as(struct passwd* user)
-{
-    pid_t child = fork();
-    if (child < 0)
-    {
-        perror("fork");
-        return;
-    }
-    if (child == 0)
-    {
-        setgid(user->pw_gid);
-        setuid(user->pw_uid);
-        char* argv[] = {user->pw_shell, NULL};
-        execv(argv[0], argv);
-        perror("execv");
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-    wait(NULL);
-}
-
-static int login()
-{
-    printf("Username: ");
-    char username[BUFSIZ];
-    echoing_fgets(username, BUFSIZ, stdin);
-    strip_newline(username);
-    if (strcmp("exit", username) == 0) return 1;
-    struct passwd* user = getpwnam(username);
-    if (!user)
-    {
-        if (errno) perror("getpwnam");
-        else
-            printf("Unknown user %s\n", username);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    char* password = collect_password();
-    putchar('\n');
-    if (strcmp(user->pw_passwd, password) == 0)
-    {
-        free(password);
-        login_as(user);
-        puts("logout\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        free(password);
-        puts("Invalid password.\n");
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    (void)argc;
-
-    if (getuid() != 0)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr,
-                "%s must be run as root.\nYou are probably looking for the 'su' command, which lets you switch users "
-                "once logged in.\n",
-                argv[0]);
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    for (;;)
-    {
-        if (login()) break;
-    }
-
-    endpwent();
-
-    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}

apps/src/sh.c

@@ -1,359 +0,0 @@
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <luna.h>
-#include <pwd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-static int status = 0;
-static char* username = NULL;
-
-typedef struct
-{
-    char* buffer;
-    size_t size;
-    size_t capacity;
-    int interactive;
-} command_t;
-
-char** split_command_into_argv(const char* cmd)
-{
-    size_t argc = 1;
-    char* ptr = strdup(cmd);
-    char* endptr;
-    char** arr = calloc(sizeof(char*), argc);
-    for (;;)
-    {
-        endptr = strchr(ptr, ' ');
-        arr[argc - 1] = ptr;
-        if (endptr == NULL) break;
-        *endptr = 0;
-        ptr = endptr + 1;
-        if (*ptr)
-        {
-            argc++;
-            arr = realloc(arr, sizeof(char*) * argc);
-        }
-        else
-            break;
-    }
-    argc++;
-    arr = realloc(arr, sizeof(char*) * argc);
-    arr[argc - 1] = NULL;
-    return arr;
-}
-
-char* shell_concat_path(const char* dirname, const char* basename)
-{
-    char* buf = malloc(strlen(basename) + strlen(dirname) + 6);
-    strlcpy(buf, dirname, strlen(dirname) + 1);
-    strncat(buf, basename, strlen(basename));
-    return buf;
-}
-
-void shell_execvp(char* pathname, char* const argv[])
-{
-    char* new_path;
-    if (access(pathname, F_OK) == 0)
-    {
-        execv(pathname, argv);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (pathname[0] == '/') return; // We do not want to lookup absolute paths
-    new_path = shell_concat_path("/bin/", pathname);
-    if (access(new_path, F_OK) == 0)
-    {
-        execv(new_path, argv);
-        return;
-    }
-    free(new_path);
-    new_path = shell_concat_path("/usr/bin/", pathname);
-    execv(new_path, argv);
-    int saved = errno;
-    free(new_path);
-    errno = saved;
-}
-
-void show_prompt()
-{
-    if (WEXITSTATUS(status)) { printf("%d [%s]> ", WEXITSTATUS(status), username); }
-    else
-        printf("[%s]> ", username);
-}
-
-int command_matches(command_t* cmd, const char* string)
-{
-    if (cmd->size <= strlen(string)) // cmd->size includes null terminator
-        return 0;
-    return strncmp(cmd->buffer, string, strlen(string)) == 0;
-}
-
-int command_matches_exactly(command_t* cmd, const char* string)
-{
-    if (cmd->size <= strlen(string)) // cmd->size includes null terminator
-        return 0;
-    if (cmd->size > (strlen(string) + 1)) return 0;
-    return strncmp(cmd->buffer, string, strlen(string)) == 0;
-}
-
-int command_match_builtins(command_t* cmd)
-{
-    if (command_matches(cmd, "exit ")) { exit(atoi(cmd->buffer + 5)); }
-    if (command_matches_exactly(cmd, "exit")) { exit(0); }
-    if (command_matches_exactly(cmd, "id"))
-    {
-        printf("pid %ld, ppid %ld, uid %d (%s), gid %d\n", getpid(), getppid(), getuid(), username, getgid());
-        return 1;
-    }
-    if (command_matches_exactly(cmd, "clear"))
-    {
-        fputs("\033@", stdout); // clear screen. for now, escape sequences in luna are non-standard.
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void command_expand(command_t* cmd, long new_capacity)
-{
-    char* buffer = realloc(cmd->buffer, new_capacity);
-    if (!buffer)
-    {
-        perror("realloc");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    cmd->buffer = buffer;
-    cmd->capacity = new_capacity;
-}
-
-void command_push(command_t* cmd, char c)
-{
-    if (cmd->size == cmd->capacity) command_expand(cmd, cmd->capacity + 8);
-    cmd->buffer[cmd->size] = c;
-    cmd->size++;
-}
-
-void command_pop(command_t* cmd)
-{
-    cmd->size--;
-}
-
-void command_init(command_t* cmd)
-{
-    cmd->buffer = malloc(5);
-    cmd->capacity = 5;
-    cmd->size = 0;
-}
-
-void command_clear(command_t* cmd)
-{
-    free(cmd->buffer);
-    return command_init(cmd);
-}
-
-void process_execute_command(const char* command)
-{
-    char** argv = split_command_into_argv(command);
-    shell_execvp(argv[0], argv);
-    perror(argv[0]);
-    exit(127);
-}
-
-void command_execute(command_t* cmd)
-{
-    command_push(cmd, '\0');
-    if (command_match_builtins(cmd))
-    {
-        command_clear(cmd);
-        if (cmd->interactive) show_prompt();
-        return;
-    }
-    pid_t child = fork();
-    if (child < 0)
-    {
-        perror("fork");
-        command_clear(cmd);
-        if (cmd->interactive) show_prompt();
-        return;
-    }
-    if (child == 0) process_execute_command(cmd->buffer);
-    pid_t result = waitpid(child, &status, 0);
-    if (result < 0)
-    {
-        perror("waitpid");
-        command_clear(cmd);
-        if (cmd->interactive) show_prompt();
-        return;
-    }
-    int exit_status = WEXITSTATUS(status);
-    if (exit_status == -2 || exit_status == -3) printf("(PID %ld) Segmentation fault\n", result);
-    if (exit_status == -1) printf("(PID %ld) Aborted\n", result);
-    command_clear(cmd);
-    if (cmd->interactive) show_prompt();
-}
-
-void command_concat_char(command_t* cmd, char c)
-{
-    if (c == '\b')
-    {
-        if (cmd->size != 0)
-        {
-            if (cmd->interactive) putchar(c);
-            command_pop(cmd);
-        }
-    }
-    else if (c == '\n')
-    {
-        if (cmd->interactive) putchar(c);
-        if (cmd->size == 0)
-        {
-            status = 0;
-            if (cmd->interactive) show_prompt();
-        }
-        else
-            command_execute(cmd);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (cmd->interactive) putchar(c);
-        command_push(cmd, c);
-    }
-}
-
-void command_concat(command_t* cmd, const char* str)
-{
-    while (*str)
-    {
-        command_concat_char(cmd, *str);
-        str++;
-    }
-}
-
-void shell_interactive()
-{
-    show_prompt();
-
-    command_t shell_command;
-    command_init(&shell_command);
-
-    shell_command.interactive = 1;
-
-    while (1)
-    {
-        int c = getchar();
-        if (c == EOF)
-        {
-            if (ferror(stdin))
-            {
-                perror("getchar");
-                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-            }
-            if (feof(stdin)) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-            assert(false); // we should never get here
-        }
-        command_concat_char(&shell_command, (char)c);
-    }
-}
-
-void shell_read_from_file(const char* pathname)
-{
-    FILE* fp = fopen(pathname, "r");
-    if (!fp)
-    {
-        perror("sh");
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-
-    command_t file_command;
-    command_init(&file_command);
-
-    file_command.interactive = 0;
-
-    char buffer[BUFSIZ];
-    while (fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, fp))
-    {
-        command_concat(&file_command, buffer);
-        if (feof(fp)) break;
-    }
-
-    if (file_command.size > 0) // last line of file, does not end with newline
-    {
-        command_execute(&file_command);
-    }
-
-    fclose(fp);
-}
-
-void shell_execute_command(const char* command)
-{
-    command_t cmd;
-    cmd.buffer = strdup(command);
-    cmd.size = strlen(command) + 1;
-    if (command_match_builtins(&cmd)) return;
-    command_clear(&cmd);
-    process_execute_command(command);
-}
-
-void fetch_username()
-{
-    struct passwd* user = getpwuid(getuid());
-    if (!user)
-    {
-        perror("getpwuid");
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-    username = user->pw_name;
-    endpwent();
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    fetch_username();
-
-    if (argc == 1) shell_interactive();
-    else if (argc == 2)
-    {
-        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-v") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--version"))
-        {
-            puts("Luna sh version 0.1"); // FIXME: Store the version somewhere, or use the kernel's version.
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-h") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--help"))
-        {
-            printf("To use interactively: %s\n", argv[0]);
-            printf("To run a script: %s [script-name]\n", argv[0]);
-            printf("To get help: %s --help\n", argv[0]);
-            printf("To show the version: %s --version\n", argv[0]);
-            printf("To run a command: %s -c [command]\n", argv[0]);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-c") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--command"))
-        {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s %s [command]\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
-            fprintf(stderr, "Use the --help flag for more help.\n");
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        shell_read_from_file(argv[1]);
-    }
-    else if (argc == 3)
-    {
-        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-c") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--command")) shell_execute_command(argv[2]);
-        else
-        {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: too many arguments\n", argv[0]);
-            fprintf(stderr, "Use the --help flag for more help.\n");
-            return 1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: too many arguments\n", argv[0]);
-        fprintf(stderr, "Use the --help flag for more help.\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-}

apps/src/stat.c

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#include <pwd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-const char* mode_to_string(mode_t mode)
-{
-    static char mode_string[12];
-
-    char mode_set[12] = {'s', 'g', 'r', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'w', 'x', 'r', 'w', 'x', 0};
-    mode_t mode_val[12] = {S_ISUID, S_ISGID, S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR, S_IXUSR, S_IRGRP,
-                           S_IWGRP, S_IXGRP, S_IROTH, S_IWOTH, S_IXOTH, S_IFMT};
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
-    {
-        if (mode & mode_val[i]) mode_string[i] = mode_set[i];
-        else
-            mode_string[i] = '-';
-    }
-
-    return mode_string;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    if (argc == 1)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: stat [file]\n");
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    struct stat st;
-    if (stat(argv[1], &st) < 0)
-    {
-        perror("stat");
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    printf("Type: ");
-
-    switch (st.st_mode & S_IFMT)
-    {
-    case S_IFREG: puts("Regular file"); break;
-    case S_IFDIR: puts("Directory"); break;
-    case S_IFCHR: puts("Character device"); break;
-    default: puts("Unknown"); break;
-    }
-
-    struct passwd* own = getpwuid(st.st_uid);
-
-    printf("Length: %ld\n", st.st_size);
-    printf("Inode: %ld\n", st.st_ino);
-    if (!own) printf("Owned by: UID %d\n", st.st_uid);
-    else
-        printf("Owned by: %s\n", own->pw_name);
-    printf("Mode: %s\n", mode_to_string(st.st_mode));
-
-    printf("Accessed on: %s", ctime(&st.st_atime));
-    printf("Modified on: %s", ctime(&st.st_mtime));
-    printf("Changed on: %s", ctime(&st.st_ctime));
-
-    endpwent();
-
-    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-}

apps/src/su.c

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <pwd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-void run_program(char** argv)
-{
-    execv(argv[0], argv);
-
-    perror("execv");
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-}
-
-void strip_newline(char* str)
-{
-    size_t len = strlen(str);
-    if (str[len - 1] == '\n') str[len - 1] = 0;
-}
-
-static const char* collect_password()
-{
-    static char buf[BUFSIZ];
-
-    printf("Password: ");
-    fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, stdin);
-
-    strip_newline(buf);
-    putchar('\n');
-
-    return buf;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    const char* username;
-
-    if (argc == 1) username = "root";
-    else
-        username = argv[1];
-
-    if (geteuid() != 0)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s must be setuid root", argv[0]);
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    struct passwd* user = getpwnam(username);
-
-    endpwent();
-
-    if (!user)
-    {
-        if (errno) perror("getpwnam");
-        else
-            fprintf(stderr, "Unknown user %s\n", username);
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    if (getuid() != geteuid()) // we were started from a non-root user
-    {
-        const char* pw = collect_password();
-        if (strcmp(pw, user->pw_passwd) != 0)
-        {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid password\n");
-            return EXIT_FAILURE;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (setgid(user->pw_gid) < 0)
-    {
-        perror("setgid");
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    if (setuid(user->pw_uid) < 0)
-    {
-        perror("setuid");
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    char* default_argv[] = {user->pw_shell, NULL};
-
-    if (argc < 3) run_program(default_argv);
-    else
-        run_program(argv + 2);
-}

apps/src/uname.c

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-int main()
-{
-    FILE* fp = fopen("/dev/version", "r");
-    if (!fp)
-    {
-        perror("fopen");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    char buf[BUFSIZ];
-    fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp);
-
-    printf("%s\n", buf);
-
-    fclose(fp);
-}

apps/src/uptime.c

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-#define VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(v) v, v == 1 ? "" : "s"
-
-int main()
-{
-    struct timespec tp;
-    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tp); // On Luna, CLOCK_MONOTONIC starts at boot.
-
-    struct tm* time = gmtime(
-        &tp.tv_sec); // just splitting the value into seconds, minutes, hours, days... not the best way to do it but ok.
-    time->tm_year -= 70;
-
-    if (time->tm_year)
-    {
-        printf("up for %d year%s, %d day%s, %d hour%s, %d minute%s, %d second%s\n",
-               VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_year), VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_yday),
-               VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_hour), VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_min),
-               VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_sec));
-    }
-    else if (time->tm_yday)
-    {
-        printf("up for %d day%s, %d hour%s, %d minute%s, %d second%s\n", VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_yday),
-               VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_hour), VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_min),
-               VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_sec));
-    }
-    else if (time->tm_hour)
-    {
-        printf("up for %d hour%s, %d minute%s, %d second%s\n", VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_hour),
-               VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_min), VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_sec));
-    }
-    else if (time->tm_min)
-        printf("up for %d minute%s, %d second%s\n", VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_min),
-               VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_sec));
-    else
-        printf("up for %d second%s\n", VALUE_SINGULAR_AT_ONE(time->tm_sec));
-}

base/bin

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+usr/bin

base/etc/group

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+root:!:0:
+users:!:1:selene
+wind:!:2:selene
+wsys:!:3:
+selene:!:1000:

base/etc/hostname

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+lunar

base/etc/init/00-home

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Name=mount-home
+Description=Mount the user's home directory on a writable filesystem.
+Command=/etc/startup/mount-home.sh
+Wait=true

base/etc/init/99-login

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Name=login
+Description=Start a graphical user session.
+Command=/usr/bin/loginui
+StandardOutput=/dev/uart0
+StandardError=/dev/uart0
+Restart=true

base/etc/loginui.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Configuration file for loginui.
+# If this parameter is set to "true", loginui automatically spawns a UI session as the below user instead of prompting for a username and password.
+Autologin=true
+# The user to create a session for if "Autologin" is set to true (see above). If the username is invalid, loginui will behave as if "Autologin" was set to false.
+AutologinUser=selene

base/etc/motd

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Welcome to the Luna system!
+Have a look around, you can run 'ls /bin' to list available commands.
+
+You can use the username 'selene' with the password 'moon' to start a user session.

base/etc/passwd

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+root:x:0:0:Administrator:/:/usr/bin/sh
+wind:x:2:2:Window Manager:/:/usr/bin/init
+selene:x:1000:1000:User:/home/selene:/usr/bin/sh

base/etc/shadow

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+root:ce5ca673d13b36118d54a7cf13aeb0ca012383bf771e713421b4d1fd841f539a:0:0:99999:7:::
+wind:!:0:0:99999:7:::
+selene:9e78b43ea00edcac8299e0cc8df7f6f913078171335f733a21d5d911b6999132:0:0:99999:7:::

base/etc/skel/welcome

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Welcome to the Luna operating system!
+You are running on the default user account, selene.
+
+If you are familiar with Unix-style operating systems (like Linux or *BSD),
+you should be able to use the Luna terminal without much problems.
+
+Following the traditional Unix filesystem structure, 
+programs are installed in /usr/bin (/bin is a symlink to /usr/bin). 
+The command `ls /bin` will show all commands available on 
+your current Luna installation.
+
+Currently, because of driver limitations, 
+the root file system is mounted read-only.
+Your home folder is writable, but volatile; it is 
+created and populated on boot,
+and its contents will vanish after a reboot.
+
+The system is booted using the 'init' program. 
+You can read its configuration files in the /etc/init directory to 
+learn more about the boot process.
+
+Luna is free software, released under the BSD-2-Clause license. 
+The license is included in the LICENSE file in your home directory.
+
+View the source code and read more about Luna at
+https://git.cloudapio.eu/apio/Luna.

base/etc/startup/mount-home.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Create and populate a volatile home directory.
+mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /home/selene
+chown selene:selene /home/selene
+
+cp /etc/skel/welcome /home/selene/
+cp /etc/skel/LICENSE /home/selene/
+
+chown selene:selene /home/selene/welcome
+chown selene:selene /home/selene/LICENSE

base/etc/user/00-welcome

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Name=welcome
+Description=Show a welcome message for the user.
+Command=/usr/bin/editor welcome

base/usr/share/applications/00-terminal

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Name=terminal
+Icon=/usr/share/icons/32x32/app-terminal.tga
+Command=/usr/bin/terminal

base/usr/share/applications/01-about

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Name=about
+Icon=/usr/share/icons/32x32/app-about.tga
+Command=/usr/bin/about

base/usr/share/applications/02-gol

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Name=gol
+Icon=/usr/share/icons/32x32/app-gol.tga
+Command=/usr/bin/gol

base/usr/share/applications/03-clock

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Name=clock
+Icon=/usr/share/icons/32x32/app-clock.tga
+Command=/usr/bin/clock

base/usr/share/applications/04-2048

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Name=2048
+Icon=/usr/share/icons/32x32/app-2048.tga
+Command=/usr/bin/2048

base/usr/share/applications/05-editor

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Name=editor
+Icon=/usr/share/icons/32x32/app-editor.tga
+Command=/usr/bin/editor

docs/boot_process.md

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+# The Luna boot process
+
+## Stage 0: The Bootloader
+Luna uses the [BOOTBOOT](https://gitlab.com/bztsrc/bootboot) bootloader. _(For more information, read the [bootloader specification](https://gitlab.com/bztsrc/bootboot/-/blob/master/bootboot_spec_1st_ed.pdf).)_
+
+This bootloader reads the initial ramdisk, which contains the following files:
+```
+/sys/config - copy of the configuration file for the bootloader
+/boot/moon - the kernel itself
+/bin/preinit - the first user program run in the boot process, before the root filesystem is mounted
+```
+
+The bootloader loads the kernel in 64-bit mode into the higher half at address `0xffffffffffe02000`, with an appropriate stack already set up.
+
+The first 16Gb of memory are identity-mapped at page 0.
+
+It places a few other things into known addresses:
+```
+0xfffffffffc000000 - initial framebuffer
+0xffffffffffe00000 - bootloader information passed to the kernel
+0xffffffffffe01000 - kernel command line
+```
+
+From here, the kernel takes over.
+
+## Stage 1: The Kernel
+_Relevant files: [kernel/src/main.cpp](../kernel/src/main.cpp), [kernel/src/arch/x86_64/CPU.cpp](../kernel/src/arch/x86_64/CPU.cpp#L285)_
+
+The kernel begins execution in the `_start()` function. This function initializes basic kernel functionality, such as time-keeping, memory management, graphics, and finally threading.
+
+Once threading is set up and the scheduler is started, the kernel starts up a new kernel thread titled `[kinit]` to finish starting up other subsystems that assume they're running in a thread. 
+
+Before switching to `[kinit]`, `_start` does one more thing, it calls the `CPU::platform_finish_init()` function which is platform-specific. On x86_64, this function does the following things:
+
+- Creates a new kernel thread: `[x86_64-io]`, which handles keyboard and mouse interrupts asynchronously
+- Starts receiving external interrupts
+- Initializes the mouse
+
+As soon as the scheduler switches to the `[kinit]` thread, it will never return to `_start` (since it has no thread associated to it).
+
+**IMPORTANT**: Although the `[kinit]` thread is the first thread to be started in the system, it has PID 2, not 1. The reason for this is that PID 1 is reserved for the userspace init process.
+
+`[kinit]` does the following things, in order:
+
+- Loads kernel debug symbols from the initial ramdisk
+- Creates the virtual file system and mounts the initial ramdisk on /
+- Initializes virtual device files such as `/dev/null` (the internal kernel representation of them, `/dev` is not mounted yet)
+- Loads `/bin/preinit` from the initial ramdisk as PID 1
+- Creates two more kernel threads, `[reap]` and `[oom]`
+- Scans for ATA hard disks and reads their partition tables
+- Finally, it sets PID 1's state to "Running" so that the scheduler can switch to it, and exits
+
+### Kernel threads
+
+`[kinit]` spawns two more kernel threads, `[reap]` and `[oom]`. While `[kinit]` exits before PID 1 is started, `[reap]` and `[oom]` are present throughout the lifetime of a Luna system, and can be seen in the output of `ps`. Let's take a look at what they do.
+
+- `[reap]`: To understand what this thread does, we must take a look at what happens when processes exit on Luna.
+
+    _(Relevant files: [kernel/src/main.cpp](../kernel/src/main.cpp#L23), [kernel/src/thread/Scheduler.cpp](../kernel/src/thread/Scheduler.cpp#L231), [kernel/src/thread/Thread.cpp](../kernel/src/thread/Thread.cpp#L126), [kernel/src/sys/waitpid.cpp](../kernel/src/sys/waitpid.cpp#L84))_
+
+    When a process calls the `_exit()` syscall, all its threads' states are set to "Dying". This tells the scheduler to avoid switching to them, and the process's parent is notified, by sending SIGCHLD and (optionally) unblocking a blocked `waitpid()` call. The process remains visible to the rest of the system, and if its parent does not wait for it, it will stay there as a "zombie process". Meanwhile, the `[reap]` thread runs and collects all the resources from each thread. The process object is still alive (in a "zombie" state), but its threads have been cleaned up.
+
+    When the process's parent waits for it, it is marked for reaping (by setting its thread count to -1 (PROCESS_SHOULD_REAP)), and the `[reap]` thread runs.
+
+    The `[reap]` thread then "reaps" all the dead processes' resources. It frees up their memory, file descriptors, and other resources. After reaping, the process is deleted, and no trace of it is left.
+
+- `[oom]`: This thread handles Out-Of-Memory (OOM) situations. Whenever the kernel has 1/4 or 1/8 of the available physical memory left (thresholds may be tweaked in the future), or it has run out, it runs this thread.
+
+    The OOM thread then goes through all the disk caches and purges them all, hoping to reclaim as much memory as possible.
+
+### File system and process layout
+
+After the kernel stage of the boot process, the system looks like this:
+
+#### File system
+```
+/ - initial ramdisk
+    /sys/config - copy of the configuration file for the bootloader
+    /boot/moon - the kernel itself
+    /bin/preinit - the first user program run in the boot process
+```
+
+#### Processes
+```
+/bin/preinit    - PID 1
+[kinit]         - PID 2 (Exited, soon to be reaped)
+[x86_64-io]     - PID 3
+[reap]          - PID 4
+[oom]           - PID 5
+```
+
+## Stage 2: preinit
+_Relevant files: [system/preinit.cpp](../system/preinit.cpp)_
+
+Luna's userspace init process is split into two programs: `/bin/preinit`, which resides on the initial ramdisk, and `/usr/bin/init`, which resides on the root partition.
+
+`/bin/preinit`'s job is to set up the file system in a "minimal known good" state for the actual `init` to run.
+
+The "minimal known good" state includes:
+
+- The ext2 root partition, which includes all the binaries in /usr
+- The /dev file system
+
+`preinit` does the following things, in order:
+
+- Mounts `/dev` to get access to disk device files
+- Mounts the root partition (`/dev/cd0p2`) on `/osroot`
+- Unmounts `/dev`
+- Uses the `pivot_root` system call to change the root file system to the one that was in `/osroot`, and mounts the old one on `/mnt` (previously `/osroot/mnt`)
+- Unmounts the initial ramdisk on `/mnt`
+- Mounts the `/dev` file system again on the new root partition
+- Executes `/usr/bin/init`
+
+For now, much of `preinit`'s functionality is hard-coded, but as Luna supports more devices, it will become responsible for loading device drivers, discovering the root partition, and more...
+
+### File system and process layout
+
+After the preinit stage of the boot process, the system looks like this:
+
+#### File system
+```
+/ - ext2 root partition
+    /dev - device file system
+    /usr, /etc, /home... - other directories contained in the root partition
+```
+
+#### Processes
+```
+/usr/bin/init   - PID 1
+[x86_64-io]     - PID 3
+[reap]          - PID 4
+[oom]           - PID 5
+```
+
+## Stage 3: init
+_Relevant files: [system/init.cpp](../system/init.cpp#L406)_
+
+`/usr/bin/init` is the actual init system. It is in charge of starting user-defined services.
+
+It does the following things:
+
+- Mounts `/tmp`, `/dev/shm` and `/dev/pts`
+- Sets the system hostname by reading `/etc/hostname`
+- Reads configuration files from `/etc/init`
+- Starts services defined in `/etc/init`
+- Enters the init loop, waiting for child processes and restarting them if needed
+
+Currently, there are two service files defined by default in `/etc/init`:
+
+`00-home`: This service sets up a `tmpfs` on `/home/selene`, so that the home directory is writable.
+
+`99-login`: This service starts a graphical session, by calling `/usr/bin/loginui`. This service will be restarted if necessary.
+
+### File system and process layout
+
+After the init stage of the boot process, the system looks like this:
+
+#### File system
+```
+/ - ext2 root partition
+    /dev - device file system
+        /dev/shm - POSIX shared memory file system
+        /dev/pts - POSIX pseudoterminal file system
+    /tmp - system temporary file directory
+    /usr, /etc, /home... - other directories contained in the root partition
+        /home/selene - temporary home directory
+```
+
+#### Processes
+```
+/usr/bin/init       - PID 1
+[x86_64-io]         - PID 3
+[reap]              - PID 4
+[oom]               - PID 5
+/usr/bin/loginui    - PID 13
+```
+
+_Note: loginui is PID 13 because the `00-home` service is a shell script, which starts a few subprocesses. Since Luna does not allow for PID reuse right now, loginui ends up with PID 13._
+
+## Stage 4: loginui
+_Relevant files: [gui/loginui.cpp](../gui/loginui.cpp), [gui/wind/main.cpp](../gui/wind/main.cpp)_
+
+`/usr/bin/loginui`'s job is quite simple: it prompts the user to log in with their password, after which a graphical session is started.
+
+_Note: On development builds, Autologin=true is added to /etc/loginui.conf which disables password prompting and executes startui directly._
+
+First, loginui starts the display server, `/usr/bin/wind`, so that it can use its capabilities to show a graphical login prompt. It is started with permissions `root:root`, and later drops privileges to `wind:wind`.
+
+After that, loginui prompts for a username and password, checks it against the hashed password stored in `/etc/shadow`, and finally executes `/usr/bin/startui` which does the actual heavy work of starting all the services needed for a UI session.
+
+### File system and process layout
+
+After the loginui stage of the boot process, the system looks like this:
+
+#### File system
+```
+/ - ext2 root partition
+    /dev - device file system
+        /dev/shm - POSIX shared memory file system
+        /dev/pts - POSIX pseudoterminal file system
+    /tmp - system temporary file directory
+    /usr, /etc, /home... - other directories contained in the root partition
+        /home/selene - temporary home directory
+```
+
+#### Processes
+```
+/usr/bin/init           - PID 1
+[x86_64-io]             - PID 3
+[reap]                  - PID 4
+[oom]                   - PID 5
+/usr/bin/startui        - PID 13
+/usr/bin/wind           - PID 14
+```
+
+## Stage 5: startui
+_Relevant files: [system/startui.cpp](../system/startui.cpp), [gui/wind/main.cpp](../gui/wind/main.cpp)_
+
+`/usr/bin/startui` starts a graphical user session.
+
+A Luna graphical user session includes the following components:
+
+- The display server itself, `/usr/bin/wind`. If not already started by loginui, `startui` makes sure it's running.
+- The execution server (`/usr/bin/execd`), which starts processes and keeps them alive on behalf of other processes. It is started with the standard permissions `selene:selene`.
+- The taskbar, `/usr/bin/taskbar`. It is started with the standard permissions `selene:selene`, plus an extra group `wsys` to be able to connect to a special display server socket (`/tmp/wsys.sock`, as opposed to the standard `/tmp/wind.sock`). This grants it the ability to use advanced wind features, such as placing the taskbar window behind all other windows.
+- The init process corresponding to that session (`/usr/bin/init --user`). This process does the same thing as `init` above (manages services), but runs with user privileges and reads configuration files from `/etc/user` instead (in the future this will be changed to a user-specific directory).
+
+Currently, `init --user` only does one thing: it opens up a text editor with a welcome message on startup. It can be configured to do whatever the user desires to do on startup, by placing the appropriate configuration files in `/etc/user`.
+
+### File system and process layout
+
+After the startui stage of the boot process, the system is fully started up and looks like this:
+
+#### File system
+```
+/ - ext2 root partition
+    /dev - device file system
+        /dev/shm - POSIX shared memory file system
+        /dev/pts - POSIX pseudoterminal file system
+    /tmp - system temporary file directory
+    /usr, /etc, /home... - other directories contained in the root partition
+        /home/selene - temporary home directory
+```
+
+#### Processes
+```
+/usr/bin/init           - PID 1
+[x86_64-io]             - PID 3
+[reap]                  - PID 4
+[oom]                   - PID 5
+/usr/bin/startui        - PID 13
+/usr/bin/wind           - PID 14
+/usr/bin/execd          - PID 15
+/usr/bin/taskbar        - PID 16
+/usr/bin/init --user    - PID 17
+/usr/bin/editor welcome - PID 18

docs/dependencies.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Dependencies required to build and run Luna
+
+## System requirements
+
+Any modern UNIX-like system that supports all the tools listed below should work (Hopefully, that will include Luna itself in the future!). 
+
+I personally build and run Luna on an amd64 Fedora Linux 40 machine. CI runs on arm64 Ubuntu 22.04. Any other configurations are untested. Windows is not supported, although you can try using WSL if you really want to.
+
+## Building a cross-compiler toolchain
+For this, you should start by installing the [required dependencies](https://wiki.osdev.org/GCC_Cross_Compiler#Installing_Dependencies) for any OSdev cross-compiler build.
+
+Also make sure you have the perl module `File::Compare` installed, it is required to build autoconf. On Fedora you can install it using the package manager by running `# dnf install perl-File-Compare`. If your distro doesn't have it, you might have to install it via `cpan`.
+
+## Building the actual system
+The build process needs some extra dependencies to run: `cmake`, `ninja`, `nasm`, `fakeroot` and `genext2fs`. On some distributions the `ninja` package is called `ninja-build` instead.
+
+If you want to use `make` instead of `ninja`, create a file called `env-local.sh` in the project root and add the line `USE_MAKE=1`. In this case, ninja does not need to be installed.
+
+## Running the built image in a virtual machine
+The script provided by the project to run the system, `tools/run.sh`, assumes that QEMU is installed and uses that to run the image. Therefore, make sure your system has `qemu-system-x86_64` in the PATH. If it doesn't, install it using the method appropriate for your system, usually installing `qemu` or `qemu-system` from the package manager.
+
+That being said, there's no requirement to use QEMU. If you want to use a different virtualization program, such as Oracle VirtualBox or VMWare, just use `tools/build-iso.sh` instead of `run.sh` and use the built `Luna.iso` in those programs.
+
+## Formatting/linting
+
+Please make sure you have `clang-format` installed. Additionally, if your editor does not support format-on-save or you do not have it configured, please run `tools/run-clang-format.sh` before committing, to make sure all code follows the same style conventions.
+
+## Source dependencies
+TLDR: Luna does not depend on any third-party library.
+
+Every part of Luna is written from scratch and depends only on its own libraries and programs, with two small exceptions (included here for crediting and licensing purposes, but there is no need to download and build them separately):
+
+The bootloader, BOOTBOOT. It is available at [gitlab.com/bztsrc/bootboot](https://gitlab.com/bztsrc/bootboot), under the MIT license. It is automatically pulled and built from source by `tools/setup.sh`.
+
+[libc/src/strtod.cpp](../libc/src/strtod.cpp). Written by Yasuhiro Matsumoto, adapted from https://gist.github.com/mattn/1890186 and available under a public domain license.

gui/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+function(luna_service SOURCE_FILE APP_NAME)
+    add_executable(${APP_NAME} ${SOURCE_FILE})
+    target_compile_options(${APP_NAME} PRIVATE -Os ${COMMON_FLAGS} -Wno-write-strings)
+    add_dependencies(${APP_NAME} libc)
+    target_include_directories(${APP_NAME} PRIVATE ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/include)
+    target_link_libraries(${APP_NAME} PRIVATE os)
+    install(TARGETS ${APP_NAME} DESTINATION ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/bin)
+endfunction()
+
+add_subdirectory(libui)
+add_subdirectory(wind)
+add_subdirectory(apps)
+
+luna_service(execd.cpp execd)
+luna_service(run.cpp run)
+luna_service(loginui.cpp loginui)
+target_link_libraries(loginui PRIVATE ui)

gui/apps/2048.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+#include <luna/RefString.h>
+#include <luna/Utf8.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <ui/Alignment.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <ui/Font.h>
+#include <ui/Layout.h>
+
+static ui::Color colors[] = {
+    ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 255, 0), ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 230, 0), ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 210, 0),
+    ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 190, 0), ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 170, 0), ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 150, 0),
+    ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 130, 0), ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 110, 0), ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 90, 0),
+    ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 70, 0),  ui::Color::from_rgb(255, 50, 0),
+};
+
+struct Tile
+{
+    int number { 0 };
+    int color { 0 };
+};
+
+class GameWidget final : public ui::Widget
+{
+  public:
+    static constexpr int MARGIN = 5;
+
+    Result<void> draw(ui::Canvas& canvas) override
+    {
+        int width = m_rect.width / 4;
+        int height = m_rect.height / 4;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+            {
+                auto subcanvas = canvas.subcanvas(
+                    ui::Rect { width * j + MARGIN, height * i + MARGIN, width - MARGIN, height - MARGIN });
+                int index = i * 4 + j;
+                TRY(draw_tile(index, subcanvas));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    Result<ui::EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) override
+    {
+        if (!request.pressed) return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+
+        bool should_add_tile = false;
+
+        switch (request.code)
+        {
+        case moon::K_UpArrow: {
+            bool changed;
+            changed = move_up();
+            if (changed) should_add_tile = true;
+            join_up();
+            changed = move_up();
+            if (changed) should_add_tile = true;
+        }
+        break;
+        case moon::K_LeftArrow: {
+            bool changed;
+            changed = move_left();
+            if (changed) should_add_tile = true;
+            join_left();
+            changed = move_left();
+            if (changed) should_add_tile = true;
+        }
+        break;
+        case moon::K_DownArrow: {
+            bool changed;
+            changed = move_down();
+            if (changed) should_add_tile = true;
+            join_down();
+            changed = move_down();
+            if (changed) should_add_tile = true;
+        }
+        break;
+        case moon::K_RightArrow: {
+            bool changed;
+            changed = move_right();
+            if (changed) should_add_tile = true;
+            join_right();
+            changed = move_right();
+            if (changed) should_add_tile = true;
+        }
+        break;
+        case moon::K_Home: {
+            reset();
+            return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+        }
+        break;
+        default: return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        }
+
+        if (should_add_tile) add_tile();
+
+        return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+    }
+
+    bool move_left()
+    {
+        Tile new_tiles[16];
+
+        bool changed = false;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            int pos = 0;
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+            {
+                if (tiles[i * 4 + j].number != 0)
+                {
+                    new_tiles[i * 4 + pos] = tiles[i * 4 + j];
+                    pos += 1;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        memcpy(tiles, new_tiles, sizeof(tiles));
+        return changed;
+    }
+
+    void join_left()
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
+            {
+                auto& from_tile = tiles[i * 4 + j];
+                auto& to_tile = tiles[i * 4 + j + 1];
+                if (from_tile.number != 0 && from_tile.number == to_tile.number)
+                {
+                    from_tile.number *= 2;
+                    from_tile.color += 1;
+                    to_tile.number = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool move_right()
+    {
+        Tile new_tiles[16];
+
+        bool changed = false;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            int pos = 3;
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+            {
+                if (tiles[i * 4 + j].number != 0)
+                {
+                    new_tiles[i * 4 + pos] = tiles[i * 4 + j];
+                    pos -= 1;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        memcpy(tiles, new_tiles, sizeof(tiles));
+        return changed;
+    }
+
+    void join_right()
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            for (int j = 1; j < 4; j++)
+            {
+                auto& from_tile = tiles[i * 4 + j];
+                auto& to_tile = tiles[i * 4 + j - 1];
+                if (from_tile.number != 0 && from_tile.number == to_tile.number)
+                {
+                    from_tile.number *= 2;
+                    from_tile.color += 1;
+                    to_tile.number = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool move_up()
+    {
+        Tile new_tiles[16];
+
+        bool changed = false;
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        {
+            int pos = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+            {
+                if (tiles[i * 4 + j].number != 0)
+                {
+                    new_tiles[pos * 4 + j] = tiles[i * 4 + j];
+                    pos += 1;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        memcpy(tiles, new_tiles, sizeof(tiles));
+        return changed;
+    }
+
+    void join_up()
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+        {
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+            {
+                auto& from_tile = tiles[i * 4 + j];
+                auto& to_tile = tiles[i * 4 + j + 4];
+                if (from_tile.number != 0 && from_tile.number == to_tile.number)
+                {
+                    from_tile.number *= 2;
+                    from_tile.color += 1;
+                    to_tile.number = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool move_down()
+    {
+        Tile new_tiles[16];
+
+        bool changed = false;
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        {
+            int pos = 3;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+            {
+                if (tiles[i * 4 + j].number != 0)
+                {
+                    new_tiles[pos * 4 + j] = tiles[i * 4 + j];
+                    pos -= 1;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        memcpy(tiles, new_tiles, sizeof(tiles));
+        return changed;
+    }
+
+    void join_down()
+    {
+        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+            {
+                auto& from_tile = tiles[i * 4 + j];
+                auto& to_tile = tiles[i * 4 + j - 4];
+                if (from_tile.number != 0 && from_tile.number == to_tile.number)
+                {
+                    from_tile.number *= 2;
+                    from_tile.color += 1;
+                    to_tile.number = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void add_tile()
+    {
+        bool can_add_tile = false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+        {
+            if (tiles[i].number == 0)
+            {
+                can_add_tile = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!can_add_tile)
+        {
+            reset();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        int start;
+        do {
+            start = rand() % 16;
+        } while (tiles[start].number != 0);
+        tiles[start].number = 2;
+        tiles[start].color = 0;
+    }
+
+    void reset()
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+        {
+            tiles[i].number = 0;
+            tiles[i].color = 0;
+        }
+
+        add_tile();
+    }
+
+    Tile tiles[16];
+
+  private:
+    Result<void> draw_tile(int index, ui::Canvas& canvas)
+    {
+        auto tile = tiles[index];
+
+        if (tile.number == 0)
+        {
+            canvas.fill(ui::GRAY);
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        canvas.fill(colors[tile.color]);
+
+        auto fmt = TRY(RefString::format("%d"_sv, tile.number));
+
+        auto font = ui::Font::default_bold_font();
+        auto rect = ui::align({ 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height },
+                              { 0, 0, (int)fmt.length() * font->width(), font->height() },
+                              ui::VerticalAlignment::Center, ui::HorizontalAlignment::Center);
+        auto subcanvas = canvas.subcanvas(rect);
+
+        Utf8StringDecoder decoder(fmt.chars());
+        wchar_t buf[4096];
+        TRY(decoder.decode(buf, sizeof(buf)));
+
+        font->render(buf, ui::BLACK, subcanvas);
+
+        return {};
+    }
+};
+
+Result<int> luna_main(int, char**)
+{
+    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
+
+    ui::App app;
+    TRY(app.init());
+
+    auto* window = TRY(ui::Window::create(ui::Rect { 300, 300, 400, 400 }));
+    app.set_main_window(window);
+
+    window->set_background(ui::BLACK);
+    window->set_title("2048");
+
+    GameWidget game;
+    window->set_main_widget(game);
+    game.reset();
+
+    return app.run();
+}

gui/apps/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+function(luna_app SOURCE_FILE APP_NAME)
+    add_executable(${APP_NAME} ${SOURCE_FILE})
+    target_compile_options(${APP_NAME} PRIVATE -Os ${COMMON_FLAGS} -Wno-write-strings)
+    add_dependencies(${APP_NAME} libc)
+    target_include_directories(${APP_NAME} PRIVATE ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/include)
+    target_link_libraries(${APP_NAME} PRIVATE os ui)
+    install(TARGETS ${APP_NAME} DESTINATION ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/bin)
+endfunction()
+
+luna_app(about.cpp about)
+luna_app(taskbar.cpp taskbar)
+luna_app(2048.cpp 2048)
+luna_app(clock.cpp clock)
+luna_app(gol.cpp gol)
+
+add_subdirectory(editor)
+add_subdirectory(terminal)

gui/apps/about.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include <luna/String.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <ui/Button.h>
+#include <ui/Label.h>
+#include <ui/Layout.h>
+
+static constexpr ui::Color BACKGROUND_COLOR = ui::Color::from_rgb(89, 89, 89);
+
+Result<int> luna_main(int, char**)
+{
+    ui::App app;
+    TRY(app.init());
+
+    auto* window = TRY(ui::Window::create(ui::Rect { 300, 300, 400, 300 }));
+    app.set_main_window(window);
+
+    window->set_title("About");
+    window->set_background(BACKGROUND_COLOR);
+
+    utsname info;
+    uname(&info);
+
+    ui::VerticalLayout main_layout;
+    window->set_main_widget(main_layout);
+
+    ui::Label title("About Luna");
+    title.set_font(ui::Font::default_bold_font());
+
+    main_layout.add_widget(title);
+
+    ui::VerticalLayout version_info;
+    main_layout.add_widget(version_info);
+
+    ui::Label license("Licensed under the BSD-2-Clause license.");
+    main_layout.add_widget(license);
+
+    String os_release_text = TRY(String::format("OS release: %s"_sv, info.release));
+    ui::Label os_release(os_release_text.view());
+    version_info.add_widget(os_release);
+
+    String kernel_version_text = TRY(String::format("Kernel version: %s"_sv, info.version));
+    ui::Label kernel_version(kernel_version_text.view());
+    version_info.add_widget(kernel_version);
+
+    return app.run();
+}

gui/apps/clock.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include <os/Timer.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <ui/Label.h>
+
+ui::Label* g_label;
+
+void update_time()
+{
+    time_t t = time(NULL);
+    struct tm* tp = localtime(&t);
+
+    static char buf[2048];
+    strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%H:%M:%S", tp);
+
+    g_label->set_text(StringView { buf });
+
+    ui::App::the().main_window()->draw();
+}
+
+Result<int> luna_main(int, char**)
+{
+    ui::App app;
+    TRY(app.init());
+
+    auto* window = TRY(ui::Window::create(ui::Rect { 500, 400, 100, 50 }));
+    app.set_main_window(window);
+
+    window->set_title("Clock");
+    window->set_background(ui::GRAY);
+
+    g_label = TRY(make<ui::Label>("00:00:00"));
+    g_label->set_font(ui::Font::default_bold_font());
+    g_label->set_color(ui::BLACK);
+
+    window->set_main_widget(*g_label);
+
+    update_time();
+
+    auto timer = TRY(os::Timer::create_repeating(1000, update_time));
+
+    return app.run();
+}

gui/apps/editor/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+set(SOURCES
+    main.cpp
+    EditorWidget.h
+    EditorWidget.cpp
+)
+
+add_executable(editor ${SOURCES})
+target_compile_options(editor PRIVATE -Os ${COMMON_FLAGS} -Wno-write-strings)
+add_dependencies(editor libc)
+target_include_directories(editor PRIVATE ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/include ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(editor PRIVATE os ui)
+install(TARGETS editor DESTINATION ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/bin)

gui/apps/editor/EditorWidget.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/**
+ * @file EditorWidget.cpp
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Multiline text editing widget.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2024, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "EditorWidget.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <luna/PathParser.h>
+#include <luna/RefString.h>
+#include <luna/Utf8.h>
+#include <os/File.h>
+#include <os/FileSystem.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <ui/Dialog.h>
+
+EditorWidget::EditorWidget(SharedPtr<ui::Font> font) : ui::TextInput(), m_font(font)
+{
+    recalculate_lines();
+}
+
+Result<void> EditorWidget::load_file(const os::Path& path)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+    auto rc = os::FileSystem::stat(path, st, true);
+
+    if (!rc.has_error() && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+    {
+        auto message = TRY(RefString::format("%s is not a regular file", path.name().chars()));
+        ui::Dialog::show_message("Error", message.view());
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    os::eprintln("Loading file: %s", path.name().chars());
+
+    auto file = TRY(os::File::open_or_create(path, os::File::ReadOnly));
+
+    m_data = TRY(file->read_all());
+
+    os::eprintln("Read %zu bytes.", m_data.size());
+
+    m_cursor = m_data.size();
+
+    m_path = TRY(String::from_string_view(path.name()));
+
+    auto basename = TRY(PathParser::basename(m_path.view()));
+
+    String title = TRY(String::format("Text Editor - %s"_sv, basename.chars()));
+    window()->set_title(title.view());
+
+    TRY(recalculate_lines());
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<ui::EventResult> EditorWidget::handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request)
+{
+    // Avoid handling "key released" events
+    if (!request.pressed) return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+
+    if (request.code == moon::K_UpArrow)
+    {
+        if (m_cursor_position.y > 0) m_cursor_position.y--;
+        else
+            return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        recalculate_cursor_index();
+        update_cursor();
+        return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+    }
+
+    if (request.code == moon::K_DownArrow)
+    {
+        if (m_cursor_position.y + 1 < (int)m_lines.size()) m_cursor_position.y++;
+        else
+            return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        recalculate_cursor_index();
+        update_cursor();
+        return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+    }
+
+    if (request.code == moon::K_LeftArrow)
+    {
+        if (m_cursor > 0) m_cursor--;
+        else
+            return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        recalculate_cursor_position();
+        update_cursor();
+        return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+    }
+
+    if (request.code == moon::K_RightArrow)
+    {
+        if (m_cursor < m_data.size()) m_cursor++;
+        else
+            return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        recalculate_cursor_position();
+        update_cursor();
+        return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+    }
+
+    if (request.code == moon::K_Backspace)
+    {
+        if (m_cursor == 0) return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        m_cursor--;
+
+        delete_current_character();
+
+        TRY(recalculate_lines());
+
+        update_cursor();
+
+        return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+    }
+
+    if (request.letter != '\n' && iscntrl(request.letter)) return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+
+    if (m_cursor == m_data.size()) TRY(m_data.append_data((const u8*)&request.letter, 1));
+    else
+        TRY(insert_character(request.letter));
+
+    m_cursor++;
+    TRY(recalculate_lines());
+
+    update_cursor();
+
+    return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+}
+
+Result<void> EditorWidget::save_file_as()
+{
+    ui::Dialog::show_input_dialog(
+        "Save file as...", "Please enter the path to save this file to:", [this](StringView path) {
+            m_path = String::from_string_view(path).release_value();
+            auto rc = save_file();
+            if (rc.has_error())
+            {
+                os::eprintln("Failed to save file %s: %s", m_path.chars(), rc.error_string());
+                ui::Dialog::show_message("Error", "Failed to save file");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                auto basename = PathParser::basename(m_path.view()).release_value();
+
+                String title = String::format("Text Editor - %s"_sv, basename.chars()).release_value();
+                window()->set_title(title.view());
+            }
+        });
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> EditorWidget::save_file()
+{
+    if (m_path.is_empty())
+    {
+        TRY(save_file_as());
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    auto file = TRY(os::File::open_or_create(m_path.view(), os::File::WriteOnly));
+    return file->write(m_data);
+}
+
+Result<void> EditorWidget::draw(ui::Canvas& canvas)
+{
+    int visible_lines = canvas.height / m_font->height();
+    int visible_columns = canvas.width / m_font->width();
+
+    if ((usize)visible_lines > m_lines.size()) visible_lines = static_cast<int>(m_lines.size());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < visible_lines; i++)
+    {
+        auto line = m_lines[i];
+        if (line.begin == line.end) continue;
+
+        auto slice = TRY(m_data.slice(line.begin, line.end - line.begin));
+        auto string = TRY(
+            String::from_string_view(StringView::from_fixed_size_cstring((const char*)slice, line.end - line.begin)));
+
+        Utf8StringDecoder decoder(string.chars());
+        wchar_t buf[4096];
+        decoder.decode(buf, sizeof(buf)).release_value();
+
+        int characters_to_render = (int)wcslen(buf);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < visible_columns && j < characters_to_render; j++)
+        {
+            auto subcanvas =
+                canvas.subcanvas({ j * m_font->width(), i * m_font->height(), m_font->width(), m_font->height() });
+            m_font->render(buf[j], ui::WHITE, subcanvas);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Draw the cursor
+    if (m_cursor_position.x < visible_columns && m_cursor_position.y < visible_lines && m_cursor_activated)
+    {
+        canvas
+            .subcanvas(
+                { m_cursor_position.x * m_font->width(), m_cursor_position.y * m_font->height(), 1, m_font->height() })
+            .fill(ui::WHITE);
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> EditorWidget::recalculate_lines()
+{
+    m_lines.clear();
+
+    Line l;
+    l.begin = 0;
+    for (usize i = 0; i < m_data.size(); i++)
+    {
+        if (m_data.data()[i] == '\n')
+        {
+            l.end = i;
+            TRY(m_lines.try_append(l));
+            l.begin = i + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    l.end = m_data.size();
+    TRY(m_lines.try_append(l));
+
+    recalculate_cursor_position();
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+void EditorWidget::recalculate_cursor_position()
+{
+    if (m_cursor == 0) m_cursor_position = { 0, 0 };
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)m_lines.size(); i++)
+    {
+        auto line = m_lines[i];
+        if (m_cursor >= line.begin && m_cursor <= line.end)
+        {
+            m_cursor_position.x = (int)(m_cursor - line.begin);
+            m_cursor_position.y = i;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    unreachable();
+}
+
+void EditorWidget::recalculate_cursor_index()
+{
+    m_cursor = m_lines[m_cursor_position.y].begin + m_cursor_position.x;
+    if (m_cursor > m_lines[m_cursor_position.y].end)
+    {
+        m_cursor = m_lines[m_cursor_position.y].end;
+        recalculate_cursor_position();
+    }
+}

gui/apps/editor/EditorWidget.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * @file EditorWidget.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Multiline text editing widget.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2024, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <luna/String.h>
+#include <os/Timer.h>
+#include <ui/Font.h>
+#include <ui/TextInput.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+
+class EditorWidget : public ui::TextInput
+{
+  public:
+    EditorWidget(SharedPtr<ui::Font> font);
+
+    Result<void> load_file(const os::Path& path);
+
+    Result<void> save_file();
+    Result<void> save_file_as();
+
+    Result<ui::EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) override;
+
+    Result<void> draw(ui::Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+    os::Path path()
+    {
+        return m_path.view();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    SharedPtr<ui::Font> m_font;
+
+    struct Line
+    {
+        usize begin;
+        usize end;
+    };
+    Vector<Line> m_lines;
+
+    String m_path;
+
+    Result<void> recalculate_lines();
+    void recalculate_cursor_position();
+    void recalculate_cursor_index();
+};

gui/apps/editor/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * @file main.cpp
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Graphical text editor.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2024, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "EditorWidget.h"
+#include <os/ArgumentParser.h>
+#include <os/File.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <ui/Dialog.h>
+
+Result<int> luna_main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    StringView path;
+
+    os::ArgumentParser parser;
+    parser.add_description("A graphical text editor"_sv);
+    parser.add_system_program_info("editor"_sv);
+    parser.add_positional_argument(path, "path", false);
+    parser.parse(argc, argv);
+
+    ui::App app;
+    TRY(app.init());
+
+    auto* window = TRY(ui::Window::create(ui::Rect { 200, 300, 600, 600 }));
+    window->set_background(ui::Color::from_rgb(40, 40, 40));
+    window->set_title("Text Editor");
+    app.set_main_window(window);
+
+    auto* editor = TRY(make<EditorWidget>(ui::Font::default_font()));
+    window->set_main_widget(*editor);
+    if (!path.is_empty()) editor->load_file(path);
+
+    TRY(window->add_keyboard_shortcut({ moon::K_CH26, ui::Mod_Ctrl }, true, [&](ui::Shortcut) {
+        auto result = editor->save_file();
+        if (result.has_error())
+        {
+            os::eprintln("Failed to save file %s: %s", editor->path().name().chars(), result.error_string());
+            ui::Dialog::show_message("Error", "Failed to save file");
+        }
+    }));
+
+    TRY(window->add_keyboard_shortcut({ moon::K_CH26, ui::Mod_Ctrl | ui::Mod_Shift }, true,
+                                      [&](ui::Shortcut) { editor->save_file_as(); }));
+
+    window->draw();
+
+    return app.run();
+}

gui/apps/gol.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <luna/Heap.h>
+#include <os/ArgumentParser.h>
+#include <os/Timer.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <ui/Window.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+struct Cell
+{
+    bool state;
+    bool new_state;
+};
+
+static int g_num_rows = 40;
+static int g_num_columns = 60;
+
+static Cell* g_cells;
+
+static ui::Window* g_window;
+
+static Result<void> fill_cells()
+{
+    g_cells = (Cell*)TRY(calloc_impl(g_num_rows, g_num_columns * sizeof(Cell), false));
+
+    for (isize i = 0; i < (g_num_rows * g_num_columns); i++)
+    {
+        auto value = rand() % 2;
+        g_cells[i].state = g_cells[i].new_state = value;
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+static Cell& find_cell(int row, int column)
+{
+    assert(row < g_num_rows);
+    assert(column < g_num_columns);
+    return g_cells[row * g_num_columns + column];
+}
+
+static constexpr int BYTES_PER_PIXEL = sizeof(u32);
+static constexpr ui::Color activated_cell_color = ui::CYAN;
+static constexpr ui::Color deactivated_cell_color = ui::Color::from_rgb(40, 40, 40);
+
+static void draw_cells()
+{
+    const int CELL_WIDTH = g_window->canvas().width / g_num_columns;
+    const int CELL_HEIGHT = g_window->canvas().height / g_num_rows;
+
+    auto canvas = g_window->canvas();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_num_rows; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < g_num_columns; j++)
+        {
+            auto subcanvas = canvas.subcanvas(ui::Rect { j * CELL_WIDTH, i * CELL_HEIGHT, CELL_WIDTH, CELL_HEIGHT });
+
+            auto& cell = find_cell(i, j);
+            ui::Color color = cell.state ? activated_cell_color : deactivated_cell_color;
+            subcanvas.fill(color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    g_window->update();
+}
+
+static int find_neighbors(int row, int column)
+{
+    int sum = 0;
+
+    if (row > 0 && column > 0) sum += find_cell(row - 1, column - 1).state;
+    if (row > 0) sum += find_cell(row - 1, column).state;
+    if (row > 0 && (column + 1) < g_num_columns) sum += find_cell(row - 1, column + 1).state;
+    if (column > 0) sum += find_cell(row, column - 1).state;
+    if ((column + 1) < g_num_columns) sum += find_cell(row, column + 1).state;
+    if ((row + 1) < g_num_rows && column > 0) sum += find_cell(row + 1, column - 1).state;
+    if ((row + 1) < g_num_rows) sum += find_cell(row + 1, column).state;
+    if ((row + 1) < g_num_rows && (column + 1) < g_num_columns) sum += find_cell(row + 1, column + 1).state;
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+static void next_generation()
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_num_rows; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < g_num_columns; j++)
+        {
+            auto& cell = find_cell(i, j);
+            int neighbors = find_neighbors(i, j);
+            if (!cell.state && neighbors == 3) cell.new_state = true;
+            else if (cell.state && (neighbors < 2 || neighbors > 3))
+                cell.new_state = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (isize i = 0; i < (g_num_rows * g_num_columns); i++) g_cells[i].state = g_cells[i].new_state;
+}
+
+static void update()
+{
+    next_generation();
+    draw_cells();
+}
+
+Result<int> luna_main(int, char**)
+{
+    ui::App app;
+    TRY(app.init());
+
+    g_window = TRY(ui::Window::create(ui::Rect { 200, 200, 600, 400 }));
+    g_window->set_title("Game of Life");
+    app.set_main_window(g_window);
+
+    TRY(fill_cells());
+
+    update();
+
+    auto timer = TRY(os::Timer::create_repeating(100, update));
+
+    return app.run();
+}

gui/apps/taskbar.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#include <luna/Sort.h>
+#include <luna/StringBuilder.h>
+#include <os/Config.h>
+#include <os/Directory.h>
+#include <os/File.h>
+#include <os/FileSystem.h>
+#include <os/IPC.h>
+#include <os/Process.h>
+#include <os/ipc/Launcher.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <ui/Button.h>
+#include <ui/Container.h>
+#include <ui/Image.h>
+#include <ui/Layout.h>
+
+static constexpr ui::Color TASKBAR_COLOR = ui::Color::from_rgb(83, 83, 83);
+
+static OwnedPtr<os::IPC::Client> launcher_client;
+
+void sigquit_handler(int)
+{
+    // Reload the taskbar by exec-ing the executable, resetting everything.
+    StringView args[] = { "/usr/bin/taskbar" };
+    os::Process::exec(args[0], { args, 1 });
+}
+
+Result<void> create_widget_group_for_app(ui::HorizontalLayout& layout, StringView path, StringView icon)
+{
+    auto* button = TRY(make<ui::Button>(ui::Rect { 0, 0, 50, 50 }));
+    layout.add_widget(*button);
+
+    auto* container = TRY(
+        make<ui::Container>(ui::Rect { 0, 0, 50, 50 }, ui::VerticalAlignment::Center, ui::HorizontalAlignment::Center));
+    button->set_widget(*container);
+    button->set_action([=] {
+        os::Launcher::LaunchDetachedRequest request;
+        SET_IPC_STRING(request.command, path.chars());
+        launcher_client->send_async(request);
+    });
+
+    auto image = TRY(ui::ImageWidget::load(icon));
+    container->set_widget(*image);
+
+    image.leak();
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+struct ApplicationFile
+{
+    String name;
+    String command;
+    String icon;
+};
+
+Vector<ApplicationFile> s_app_files;
+
+// Pretty much copied from init.cpp.
+static Result<void> load_application_file(const os::Path& path)
+{
+    os::println("[taskbar] reading app file: %s", path.name().chars());
+
+    auto file = TRY(os::ConfigFile::open(path));
+
+    ApplicationFile app_file;
+
+    app_file.name = TRY(String::from_string_view(file->read_string_or("Name", "")));
+    if (app_file.name.is_empty())
+    {
+        os::println("[taskbar] app file is missing 'Name' entry, aborting!");
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    app_file.command = TRY(String::from_string_view(file->read_string_or("Command", "")));
+    if (app_file.command.is_empty())
+    {
+        os::println("[taskbar] app file is missing 'Command' entry, aborting!");
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    app_file.icon = TRY(String::from_string_view(file->read_string_or("Icon", "")));
+    if (app_file.icon.is_empty())
+    {
+        os::println("[taskbar] app file is missing 'Icon' entry, aborting!");
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    os::println("[taskbar] loaded app %s into memory", app_file.name.chars());
+
+    TRY(s_app_files.try_append(move(app_file)));
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+static Result<void> load_app_files_from_path(StringView path)
+{
+    os::println("[taskbar] loading app files from %s", path.chars());
+
+    auto dir = TRY(os::Directory::open(path));
+
+    auto services = TRY(dir->list_names(os::Directory::Filter::ParentAndBase));
+    sort(services.begin(), services.end(), String::compare);
+
+    for (const auto& entry : services) TRY(load_application_file({ dir->fd(), entry.view() }));
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<int> luna_main(int, char**)
+{
+    ui::App app;
+    TRY(app.init("/tmp/wsys.sock"));
+    app.pledge(ui::Pledge::ExtendedLayers);
+
+    TRY(os::EventLoop::the().register_signal_handler(SIGQUIT, sigquit_handler));
+
+    launcher_client = TRY(os::IPC::Client::connect("/tmp/execd.sock", false));
+
+    ui::Rect screen = app.screen_rect();
+
+    ui::Rect bar = ui::Rect { ui::Point { 0, screen.height - 50 }, screen.width, 50 };
+
+    auto window = TRY(ui::Window::create(bar, ui::WindowType::System));
+    app.set_main_window(window);
+
+    window->set_background(TASKBAR_COLOR);
+    window->set_layer(ui::Layer::Background);
+    app.pledge(0);
+
+    ui::HorizontalLayout layout(ui::Margins { 0, 0, 0, 0 }, ui::AdjustHeight::Yes, ui::AdjustWidth::No);
+    window->set_main_widget(layout);
+
+    load_app_files_from_path("/usr/share/applications/");
+
+    auto home = TRY(os::FileSystem::home_directory());
+
+    StringBuilder sb;
+    TRY(sb.add(home.view()));
+    TRY(sb.add("/.applications/"_sv));
+    auto local_app_file_dir = TRY(sb.string());
+
+    load_app_files_from_path(local_app_file_dir.view());
+
+    for (const auto& app_file : s_app_files)
+    {
+        create_widget_group_for_app(layout, app_file.command.view(), app_file.icon.view());
+    }
+
+    return app.run();
+}

gui/apps/terminal/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+set(SOURCES
+    main.cpp
+    TerminalWidget.h
+    TerminalWidget.cpp
+)
+
+add_executable(terminal ${SOURCES})
+target_compile_options(terminal PRIVATE -Os ${COMMON_FLAGS} -Wno-write-strings)
+add_dependencies(terminal libc)
+target_include_directories(terminal PRIVATE ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/include ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(terminal PRIVATE os ui)
+install(TARGETS terminal DESTINATION ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/bin)

gui/apps/terminal/TerminalWidget.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+#include "TerminalWidget.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <luna/CType.h>
+#include <os/File.h>
+#include <os/Process.h>
+#include <pty.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static constexpr auto RED = ui::Color::from_u32(0xffcd0000);
+static constexpr auto GREEN = ui::Color::from_u32(0xff00cd00);
+static constexpr auto YELLOW = ui::Color::from_u32(0xffcdcd00);
+static constexpr auto BLUE = ui::Color::from_u32(0xff0000ee);
+static constexpr auto MAGENTA = ui::Color::from_u32(0xffcd00cd);
+static constexpr auto CYAN = ui::Color::from_u32(0xff00cdcd);
+static constexpr auto GRAY = ui::Color::from_u32(0xffe5e5e5);
+
+static constexpr auto BRIGHT_BLACK = ui::Color::from_u32(0xff7f7f7f);
+static constexpr auto BRIGHT_RED = ui::Color::from_u32(0xffff0000);
+static constexpr auto BRIGHT_GREEN = ui::Color::from_u32(0xff00ff00);
+static constexpr auto BRIGHT_YELLOW = ui::Color::from_u32(0xffffff00);
+static constexpr auto BRIGHT_BLUE = ui::Color::from_u32(0xff5c5cff);
+static constexpr auto BRIGHT_MAGENTA = ui::Color::from_u32(0xffff00ff);
+static constexpr auto BRIGHT_CYAN = ui::Color::from_u32(0xff00ffff);
+static constexpr auto BRIGHT_GRAY = ui::Color::from_u32(0xffffffff);
+
+static void sigchld_handler(int)
+{
+    wait(NULL);
+    ui::App::the().set_should_close(true);
+}
+
+Result<void> TerminalWidget::init(char* const* args)
+{
+    m_font = ui::Font::default_font();
+    m_bold_font = ui::Font::default_bold_font();
+
+    m_terminal_canvas = window()->canvas();
+    m_terminal_canvas.fill(ui::BLACK);
+
+    m_cursor_timer = TRY(os::Timer::create_repeating(500, [this]() { this->tick_cursor(); }));
+
+    signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld_handler);
+
+    int master;
+    pid_t child = forkpty(&master, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (child < 0) return err(errno);
+    if (child == 0)
+    {
+        execv(args[0], args);
+        _exit(127);
+    }
+
+    m_pty = master;
+
+    os::EventLoop::the().register_fd_listener(m_pty, [this](int, int) { this->process(); });
+
+    m_child_pid = child;
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<ui::EventResult> TerminalWidget::handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request)
+{
+    // Avoid handling "key released" events
+    if (!request.pressed) return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+
+    // Non-printable key or key that has no special character (unlike Tab or Enter). We exit early to avoid inserting an
+    // invalid zero byte into the terminal input (this would also happen on Shift or Ctrl keypresses).
+    if (request.letter == '\0') return ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+
+    write(m_pty, &request.letter, 1);
+    return ui::EventResult::DidHandle;
+}
+
+Result<void> TerminalWidget::draw(ui::Canvas&)
+{
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> TerminalWidget::process()
+{
+    char buffer[BUFSIZ];
+    ssize_t nread = read(m_pty, buffer, BUFSIZ);
+    if (nread < 0)
+    {
+        if (errno == EAGAIN) nread = 0;
+        else
+            return err(errno);
+    }
+
+    ssize_t drawn = 0;
+
+    for (ssize_t i = 0; i < nread; i++)
+    {
+        bool did_draw = TRY(putchar(buffer[i]));
+        if (did_draw) drawn++;
+    }
+
+    if (drawn > 0) window()->draw();
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::tick_cursor()
+{
+    if (!m_cursor_enabled) return;
+
+    m_cursor_activated = !m_cursor_activated;
+
+    if (m_cursor_activated) draw_cursor();
+    else
+        erase_current_char();
+
+    window()->draw();
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::draw_glyph(wchar_t c, int x, int y)
+{
+    auto subcanvas = m_terminal_canvas.subcanvas({ x, y, m_font->width(), m_font->height() });
+    subcanvas.fill(m_background_color);
+    (m_bold ? m_bold_font : m_font)->render(c, m_foreground_color, subcanvas);
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::erase_current_line()
+{
+    m_terminal_canvas.subcanvas({ 0, m_y_position, m_rect.width, m_font->height() }).fill(ui::BLACK);
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::scroll()
+{
+    memcpy(m_terminal_canvas.ptr, m_terminal_canvas.ptr + (m_rect.width * sizeof(u32) * m_font->height()),
+           (m_rect.width * m_rect.height * sizeof(u32)) - (m_rect.width * sizeof(u32) * m_font->height()));
+    m_y_position -= m_font->height();
+    erase_current_line();
+}
+
+bool TerminalWidget::should_scroll()
+{
+    return m_y_position >= m_rect.height;
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::next_line()
+{
+    m_x_position = 0;
+    m_y_position += m_font->height();
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::next_char()
+{
+    m_x_position += m_font->width();
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::prev_char()
+{
+    m_x_position -= m_font->width();
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::erase_current_char()
+{
+    m_terminal_canvas.subcanvas({ m_x_position, m_y_position, m_font->width(), m_font->height() }).fill(ui::BLACK);
+}
+
+void TerminalWidget::draw_cursor()
+{
+    m_terminal_canvas.subcanvas({ m_x_position, m_y_position, m_font->width(), m_font->height() }).fill(ui::WHITE);
+}
+
+bool TerminalWidget::at_end_of_screen()
+{
+    return (m_x_position + m_font->width()) > m_rect.width;
+}
+
+bool TerminalWidget::handle_escape_sequence(wchar_t c)
+{
+    auto rc = m_escape_parser->advance(static_cast<u8>(c));
+    if (rc.has_error())
+    {
+        m_escape_parser = Option<EscapeSequenceParser> {};
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!rc.value()) return true;
+    if (!m_escape_parser->valid())
+    {
+        m_escape_parser = Option<EscapeSequenceParser> {};
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const auto& params = m_escape_parser->parameters();
+    switch (m_escape_parser->code())
+    {
+    case EscapeCode::CursorUp: {
+        int lines = params.size() ? params[0] : 1;
+        int pixels = lines * m_font->height();
+        if (pixels > m_y_position) m_y_position = 0;
+        else
+            m_y_position -= pixels;
+    };
+    break;
+    case EscapeCode::CursorDown: {
+        int lines = params.size() ? params[0] : 1;
+        int pixels = lines * m_font->height();
+        if (pixels + m_y_position >= m_rect.height) m_y_position = m_rect.height - m_font->height();
+        else
+            m_y_position += pixels;
+    };
+    break;
+    case EscapeCode::CursorBack: {
+        int chars = params.size() ? params[0] : 1;
+        int pixels = chars * m_font->width();
+        if (pixels > m_x_position) m_x_position = 0;
+        else
+            m_x_position -= pixels;
+    };
+    break;
+    case EscapeCode::CursorForward: {
+        int chars = params.size() ? params[0] : 1;
+        int pixels = chars * m_font->width();
+        if (pixels + m_x_position >= m_rect.width) m_x_position = m_rect.width - m_font->width();
+        else
+            m_x_position += pixels;
+    };
+    break;
+    case EscapeCode::CursorNextLine: {
+        int lines = params.size() ? params[0] : 1;
+        int pixels = lines * m_font->height();
+        if (pixels > m_y_position) m_y_position = 0;
+        else
+            m_y_position -= pixels;
+        m_x_position = 0;
+    };
+    break;
+    case EscapeCode::CursorPreviousLine: {
+        int lines = params.size() ? params[0] : 1;
+        int pixels = lines * m_font->height();
+        if (pixels + m_y_position >= m_rect.height) m_y_position = m_rect.height - m_font->height();
+        else
+            m_y_position += pixels;
+        m_x_position = 0;
+    };
+    break;
+    case EscapeCode::CursorHorizontalAbsolute: {
+        int line = (params.size() ? params[0] : 1) - 1;
+        if (line < 0) break;
+        int position = line * m_font->height();
+        if (position >= m_rect.height) position = m_rect.height - m_font->height();
+        m_y_position = position;
+    };
+    break;
+    case EscapeCode::SetCursorPosition: {
+        int x = (params.size() ? params[0] : 1) - 1;
+        int y = (params.size() > 1 ? params[1] : 1) - 1;
+        if (x < 0 || y < 0) break;
+        int x_position = x * m_font->width();
+        if (x_position >= m_rect.width) x_position = m_rect.width - m_font->height();
+        m_x_position = x_position;
+        int y_position = y * m_font->height();
+        if (y_position >= m_rect.height) y_position = m_rect.height - m_font->height();
+        m_y_position = y_position;
+    };
+    break;
+    case EscapeCode::SelectGraphicRendition: {
+        if (!params.size())
+        {
+            m_foreground_color = ui::WHITE;
+            m_background_color = ui::BLACK;
+            m_bold = false;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        for (usize i = 0; i < params.size(); i++)
+        {
+            int arg = params[i];
+            switch (arg)
+            {
+            case 0: {
+                m_foreground_color = ui::BLACK;
+                m_background_color = ui::WHITE;
+                m_bold = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                m_bold = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 22: {
+                m_bold = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 30: {
+                m_foreground_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_BLACK : ui::BLACK;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 31: {
+                m_foreground_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_RED : RED;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 32: {
+                m_foreground_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_GREEN : GREEN;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 33: {
+                m_foreground_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_YELLOW : YELLOW;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 34: {
+                m_foreground_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_BLUE : BLUE;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 35: {
+                m_foreground_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_MAGENTA : MAGENTA;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 36: {
+                m_foreground_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_CYAN : CYAN;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 37: {
+                m_foreground_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_GRAY : GRAY;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 39: {
+                m_foreground_color = ui::WHITE;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 40: {
+                m_background_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_BLACK : ui::BLACK;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 41: {
+                m_background_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_RED : RED;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 42: {
+                m_background_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_GREEN : GREEN;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 43: {
+                m_background_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_YELLOW : YELLOW;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 44: {
+                m_background_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_BLUE : BLUE;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 45: {
+                m_background_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_MAGENTA : MAGENTA;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 46: {
+                m_background_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_CYAN : CYAN;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 47: {
+                m_background_color = m_bold ? BRIGHT_GRAY : GRAY;
+                break;
+            }
+            case 49: {
+                m_background_color = ui::BLACK;
+                break;
+            }
+            default: break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    break;
+    default: break;
+    }
+
+    m_escape_parser = Option<EscapeSequenceParser> {};
+    return true;
+}
+
+Result<bool> TerminalWidget::putchar(char c)
+{
+    auto guard = make_scope_guard([this] { m_decoder.reset(); });
+
+    bool is_ready = TRY(m_decoder.feed(c));
+
+    bool result = false;
+
+    if (is_ready) result = put_code_point(TRY(m_decoder.extract()));
+
+    guard.deactivate();
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool TerminalWidget::put_code_point(wchar_t c)
+{
+    if (c > (wchar_t)255) c = (wchar_t)256;
+
+    if (m_escape_parser.has_value())
+    {
+        if (handle_escape_sequence(c)) return false;
+    }
+
+    // Erase the current cursor.
+    if (m_cursor_activated) erase_current_char();
+
+    bool should_draw_cursor = m_cursor_enabled;
+
+    bool did_draw = false;
+
+    switch (c)
+    {
+    case L'\n': {
+        next_line();
+        if (should_scroll()) scroll();
+        break;
+    }
+    case L'\t': {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { put_code_point(L' '); }
+        did_draw = true;
+        break;
+    }
+    case L'\r': m_x_position = 0; break;
+    case L'\b':
+        if (m_x_position != 0)
+        {
+            prev_char();
+            erase_current_char();
+            did_draw = true;
+        }
+        break;
+    case L'\x1b':
+    case L'\x9b':
+    case L'\x90':
+    case L'\x9d':
+        m_escape_parser = EscapeSequenceParser { (u8)c };
+        should_draw_cursor = false;
+        did_draw = true;
+        break;
+    default: {
+        if (iscntrl(c)) return false;
+        draw_glyph(c, m_x_position, m_y_position);
+        next_char();
+        if (at_end_of_screen())
+        {
+            next_line();
+            if (should_scroll()) scroll();
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    }
+
+    if (should_draw_cursor)
+    {
+        m_cursor_timer->restart();
+        m_cursor_activated = true;
+        draw_cursor();
+    }
+
+    return did_draw;
+}

gui/apps/terminal/TerminalWidget.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/EscapeSequence.h>
+#include <luna/Utf8.h>
+#include <luna/Vector.h>
+#include <os/Timer.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <ui/Font.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+
+class TerminalWidget : public ui::Widget
+{
+  public:
+    Result<void> init(char* const* args);
+
+    Result<ui::EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) override;
+
+    Result<void> draw(ui::Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+  private:
+    ui::Canvas m_terminal_canvas;
+    Vector<u8> m_line_buffer;
+    int m_pty;
+    pid_t m_child_pid;
+
+    struct termios m_settings;
+
+    SharedPtr<ui::Font> m_font;
+    SharedPtr<ui::Font> m_bold_font;
+
+    OwnedPtr<os::Timer> m_cursor_timer;
+    bool m_cursor_activated = false;
+    bool m_cursor_enabled = true;
+
+    long m_last_cursor_tick;
+
+    int m_x_position { 0 };
+    int m_y_position { 0 };
+
+    bool m_bold { false };
+
+    ui::Color m_foreground_color { ui::WHITE };
+    ui::Color m_background_color { ui::BLACK };
+
+    void tick_cursor();
+
+    Utf8StateDecoder m_decoder;
+    Option<EscapeSequenceParser> m_escape_parser;
+
+    void draw_glyph(wchar_t c, int x, int y);
+    void erase_current_line();
+    void scroll();
+    bool should_scroll();
+    void next_line();
+    void next_char();
+    void prev_char();
+    void erase_current_char();
+    void draw_cursor();
+    bool at_end_of_screen();
+    bool handle_escape_sequence(wchar_t c);
+    Result<bool> putchar(char c);
+    bool put_code_point(wchar_t c);
+    Result<void> process();
+};

gui/apps/terminal/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "TerminalWidget.h"
+#include <os/ArgumentParser.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+Result<int> luna_main(int, char**)
+{
+    ui::App app;
+    TRY(app.init());
+
+    auto* window = TRY(ui::Window::create(ui::Rect { 150, 150, 640, 400 }));
+    app.set_main_window(window);
+    window->set_title("Terminal");
+
+    TerminalWidget terminal;
+    window->set_main_widget(terminal);
+
+    char* args[] = { "/bin/sh", nullptr };
+    TRY(terminal.init(args));
+
+    window->draw();
+
+    return app.run();
+}

gui/execd.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/**
+ * @file execd.cpp
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Background process that handles detached launching of apps.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2024, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <os/ArgumentParser.h>
+#include <os/File.h>
+#include <os/IPC.h>
+#include <os/LocalServer.h>
+#include <os/Process.h>
+#include <os/Security.h>
+#include <os/ipc/Launcher.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/poll.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+Result<void> handle_launch_detached_message(os::IPC::ClientConnection& client)
+{
+    os::Launcher::LaunchDetachedRequest request;
+    if (!TRY(client.read_message(request))) return {};
+
+    auto path = COPY_IPC_STRING(request.command);
+
+    StringView args[] = { path.view() };
+
+    os::Process::spawn(args[0], { args, 1 }, request.search_in_path);
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+void handle_ipc_message(os::IPC::ClientConnection& client, u8 id, void*)
+{
+    switch (id)
+    {
+    case os::Launcher::LAUNCH_DETACHED_ID: handle_launch_detached_message(client); break;
+    default: os::eprintln("execd: Invalid IPC message from client!"); return;
+    }
+}
+
+void sigchld_handler(int)
+{
+    os::Process::wait(os::Process::ANY_CHILD, nullptr, WNOHANG);
+}
+
+Result<int> luna_main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    TRY(os::Security::pledge("stdio wpath cpath unix proc exec", NULL));
+
+    StringView socket_path = "/tmp/execd.sock";
+
+    os::ArgumentParser parser;
+    parser.add_description("Background process that handles detached launching of apps."_sv);
+    parser.add_system_program_info("execd"_sv);
+    parser.parse(argc, argv);
+
+    signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld_handler);
+
+    auto server = TRY(os::LocalServer::create(socket_path, false));
+    TRY(server->listen(20));
+
+    // We're ready now.
+    os::IPC::notify_parent();
+
+    Vector<OwnedPtr<os::IPC::ClientConnection>> clients;
+    Vector<struct pollfd> fds;
+    TRY(fds.try_append({ .fd = server->fd(), .events = POLLIN, .revents = 0 }));
+
+    TRY(os::Security::pledge("stdio unix proc exec", NULL));
+
+    while (1)
+    {
+        for (auto& pfd : fds) { pfd.revents = 0; }
+
+        int rc = poll(fds.data(), fds.size(), 1000);
+        if (!rc) continue;
+        if (rc < 0 && errno != EINTR) { os::println("poll: error: %s", strerror(errno)); }
+
+        if (fds[0].revents & POLLIN)
+        {
+            auto client = TRY(server->accept());
+            os::println("execd: New client connected!");
+            TRY(fds.try_append({ .fd = client.fd(), .events = POLLIN, .revents = 0 }));
+
+            auto connection = TRY(os::IPC::ClientConnection::adopt_connection(move(client)));
+            connection->set_message_handler(handle_ipc_message, nullptr);
+            TRY(clients.try_append(move(connection)));
+        }
+        for (usize i = 0; i < clients.size(); i++)
+        {
+            if (fds[i + 1].revents & POLLIN) clients[i]->check_for_messages();
+            if (fds[i + 1].revents & POLLHUP)
+            {
+                os::println("execd: Client %zu disconnected", i);
+                fds.remove_at(i + 1);
+                auto client = clients.remove_at(i);
+                client->disconnect();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

gui/libui/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# The UI and graphics library for Luna.
+
+file(GLOB HEADERS include/ui/*.h)
+
+set(SOURCES
+    ${HEADERS}
+    include/ui/ipc/Server.h
+    include/ui/ipc/Client.h
+    src/Canvas.cpp
+    src/Rect.cpp
+    src/Font.cpp
+    src/Image.cpp
+    src/App.cpp
+    src/Window.cpp
+    src/Layout.cpp
+    src/Alignment.cpp
+    src/Container.cpp
+    src/Button.cpp
+    src/Label.cpp
+    src/InputField.cpp
+    src/TextInput.cpp
+    src/Dialog.cpp
+)
+
+add_library(ui ${SOURCES})
+target_compile_options(ui PRIVATE ${COMMON_FLAGS} -fno-threadsafe-statics)
+target_include_directories(ui PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/include/)
+target_include_directories(ui PUBLIC ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/include)
+target_link_libraries(ui PUBLIC os)
+
+add_custom_command(
+    TARGET ui
+    COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/libui.a ${LUNA_BASE}/usr/lib/libui.a
+)

gui/libui/include/ui/Alignment.h

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * @file Alignment.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief UI component alignment.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    enum class VerticalAlignment
+    {
+        Top,
+        Center,
+        Bottom
+    };
+
+    enum class HorizontalAlignment
+    {
+        Left,
+        Center,
+        Right
+    };
+
+    Rect align(Rect container, Rect contained, VerticalAlignment valign, HorizontalAlignment halign);
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/App.h

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+ * @file App.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief UI application event loop.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/HashMap.h>
+#include <luna/StringView.h>
+#include <os/EventLoop.h>
+#include <os/IPC.h>
+#include <ui/Window.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    class App
+    {
+      public:
+        App();
+        ~App();
+
+        Result<void> init(StringView socket_path = "/tmp/wind.sock");
+        Result<int> run();
+
+        Rect screen_rect();
+
+        os::IPC::Client& client()
+        {
+            return *m_client;
+        }
+
+        void set_should_close(bool b)
+        {
+            m_should_close = b;
+            if (b) m_loop.quit();
+        }
+
+        void set_main_window(Window* window)
+        {
+            check(!m_main_window);
+            m_main_window = window;
+        }
+
+        Window* main_window()
+        {
+            return m_main_window;
+        }
+
+        void pledge(i16 pledges);
+
+        Result<void> register_window(OwnedPtr<Window>&& window, Badge<Window>);
+        void unregister_window(Window* window, Badge<Window>);
+
+        static App& the();
+
+      private:
+        static App* s_app;
+        OwnedPtr<os::IPC::Client> m_client;
+        Window* m_main_window { nullptr };
+        HashMap<int, OwnedPtr<Window>> m_windows;
+        bool m_should_close { false };
+        os::EventLoop m_loop;
+        Vector<int> m_window_clear_queue;
+
+        bool process_events();
+
+        Window* find_window(int id);
+
+        Result<void> handle_ipc_event(os::IPC::Client&, u8 id, void*);
+
+        friend void handle_socket_event(int, int);
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Button.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * @file Button.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief A clickable component that triggers an action when pressed.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Action.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    class Button : public Widget
+    {
+      public:
+        Button(Rect rect);
+
+        void set_widget(Widget& widget);
+        void set_action(Action&& action);
+
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_move(Point position) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_leave() override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_down(Point position, int buttons) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_up(Point position, int buttons) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) override;
+        Result<void> draw(Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+      private:
+        bool m_hovered { false };
+        bool m_clicked { false };
+        Widget* m_child;
+        Action m_action;
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Canvas.h

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/**
+ * @file Canvas.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Drawable surfaces.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Result.h>
+#include <luna/Types.h>
+#include <ui/Color.h>
+#include <ui/Point.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    /**
+     * @brief A drawable surface.
+     */
+    struct Canvas
+    {
+        int width;
+        int height;
+        int stride;
+        u8* ptr;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Create a new Canvas object.
+         *
+         * @param ptr The memory to use for the canvas. It must be of at least width * height * 4 bytes of length.
+         * @param width The width of the canvas.
+         * @param height The height of the canvas.
+         * @return Canvas The new Canvas object.
+         */
+        static Canvas create(u8* ptr, int width, int height);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return a new Canvas that represents a subsection of the current one.
+         *
+         * @param rect The dimensions of the new canvas. If these exceed the bounds of the current canvas, they will be
+         * clamped.
+         * @return Canvas The new Canvas object.
+         */
+        Canvas subcanvas(Rect rect);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the dimensions of the current canvas.
+         *
+         * @return Rect This canvas's dimensions, as a Rect object.
+         */
+        Rect rect()
+        {
+            return Rect { .pos = { 0, 0 }, .width = width, .height = height };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Fill the entire canvas with one color.
+         *
+         * @param color The color to use.
+         */
+        void fill(Color color);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Fill the canvas with pixels.
+         *
+         * @param pixels The array of pixels (must be at least width*height).
+         * @param stride The number of pixels to skip to go to the next line.
+         */
+        void fill(u32* pixels, int stride);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Fill the canvas with pixels, without doing any extra processing.
+         *
+         * @param pixels The array of pixels (must be at least width*height).
+         * @param stride The number of pixels to skip to go to the next line.
+         */
+        void copy(u32* pixels, int stride);
+    };
+};

gui/libui/include/ui/Color.h

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/**
+ * @file Color.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief RGBA colors.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Types.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    /**
+     * @brief A 32-bit ARGB color.
+     */
+    struct Color
+    {
+        union {
+            u32 raw;
+            u8 colors[4];
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the blue value of this color.
+         *
+         * @return constexpr u8 The blue value.
+         */
+        constexpr u8 red() const
+        {
+            return colors[2];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the green value of this color.
+         *
+         * @return constexpr u8 The green value.
+         */
+        constexpr u8 green() const
+        {
+            return colors[1];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the blue value of this color.
+         *
+         * @return constexpr u8 The blue value.
+         */
+        constexpr u8 blue() const
+        {
+            return colors[0];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the alpha value of this color.
+         *
+         * @return constexpr u8 The alpha value.
+         */
+        constexpr u8 alpha() const
+        {
+            return colors[3];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Construct a new color from a 32-bit ARGB integer.
+         *
+         * @param raw The integer representing the color.
+         * @return constexpr Color The new color.
+         */
+        static constexpr Color from_u32(u32 raw)
+        {
+            return Color { .raw = raw };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Construct a new color from its separate RGBA values (from 0 to 255).
+         *
+         * @param red The red value.
+         * @param green The green value.
+         * @param blue The blue value.
+         * @param alpha The alpha value.
+         * @return constexpr Color The new color.
+         */
+        static constexpr Color from_rgba(u8 red, u8 green, u8 blue, u8 alpha)
+        {
+            return Color { .colors = { blue, green, red, alpha } };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Construct a new color from its separate RGB values (from 0 to 255).
+         *
+         * @param red The red value.
+         * @param green The green value.
+         * @param blue The blue value.
+         * @return constexpr Color The new color.
+         */
+        static constexpr Color from_rgb(u8 red, u8 green, u8 blue)
+        {
+            return from_rgba(red, green, blue, 0xff);
+        }
+    };
+
+    static constexpr Color WHITE = Color::from_rgb(0xff, 0xff, 0xff);
+    static constexpr Color BLACK = Color::from_rgb(0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
+    static constexpr Color GRAY = Color::from_rgb(0x80, 0x80, 0x80);
+
+    static constexpr Color BLUE = Color::from_rgb(0x00, 0x00, 0xff);
+    static constexpr Color GREEN = Color::from_rgb(0x00, 0xff, 0x00);
+    static constexpr Color RED = Color::from_rgb(0xff, 0x00, 0x00);
+
+    static constexpr Color CYAN = Color::from_rgb(0x00, 0xff, 0xff);
+};

gui/libui/include/ui/Container.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * @file Container.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief A container widget to pad and align objects inside it.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <ui/Alignment.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    class Container : public Widget
+    {
+      public:
+        Container(Rect rect, VerticalAlignment valign, HorizontalAlignment halign);
+
+        void set_widget(Widget& widget);
+
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_move(Point position) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_leave() override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_down(Point position, int buttons) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_up(Point position, int buttons) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) override;
+        Result<void> draw(Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+      private:
+        Widget* m_widget;
+        VerticalAlignment m_valign;
+        HorizontalAlignment m_halign;
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Dialog.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/**
+ * @file Window.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief UI window dialogs.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2024, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Action.h>
+#include <ui/Window.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    namespace Dialog
+    {
+        Result<void> show_message(StringView title, StringView message);
+
+        Result<void> show_input_dialog(StringView title, StringView message, Function<StringView> callback);
+    }
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Font.h

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/**
+ * @file Font.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief PSF font loading and rendering.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Buffer.h>
+#include <luna/SharedPtr.h>
+#include <os/Path.h>
+#include <ui/Canvas.h>
+
+#define PSF_FONT_MAGIC 0x864ab572
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    /**
+     * @brief A class holding PSF font data, used for low-level direct rendering of glyphs into a canvas.
+     *
+     * This class does not handle special characters such as tabs or newlines. For those, you should be using a more
+     * high-level component such as ui::Label instead.
+     */
+    class Font : public Shareable
+    {
+      public:
+        /**
+         * @brief An enum used to select a font weight when loading a font.
+         */
+        enum FontWeight
+        {
+            Regular,
+            Bold,
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Load a Font object from a font file.
+         *
+         * @param path The full path to the font file.
+         * @return Result<SharedPtr<Font>> An error, or the loaded Font object.
+         */
+        static Result<SharedPtr<Font>> load(const os::Path& path);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Load a system font by name.
+         *
+         * @param name The name of the font to load (the default system font is "Tamsyn").
+         * @param weight The weight of the font (regular or bold).
+         * @return Result<SharedPtr<Font>> An error, or the loaded Font object.
+         */
+        static Result<SharedPtr<Font>> load_builtin(StringView name, FontWeight weight);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return a pointer to the system's default font.
+         *
+         * @return SharedPtr<Font> The default font.
+         */
+        static SharedPtr<Font> default_font();
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return a pointer to the system's default bold font.
+         *
+         * @return SharedPtr<Font> The default bold font.
+         */
+        static SharedPtr<Font> default_bold_font();
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Render a single Unicode code point onto a canvas, using this font's glyphs.
+         *
+         * @param codepoint The code point to render.
+         * @param color The color to draw the code point in.
+         * @param canvas The canvas to use.
+         */
+        void render(wchar_t codepoint, ui::Color color, ui::Canvas& canvas);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Render a Unicode text string onto a canvas, using this font's glyphs.
+         *
+         * @param text The string to render (must be null-terminated).
+         * @param color The color to draw the code point in.
+         * @param canvas The canvas to use.
+         */
+        void render(const wchar_t* text, ui::Color color, ui::Canvas& canvas);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the width of this font's glyphs.
+         *
+         * @return int The width.
+         */
+        int width() const
+        {
+            return m_psf_header.width;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the height of this font's glyphs.
+         *
+         * @return int The height.
+         */
+        int height() const
+        {
+            return m_psf_header.height;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        struct PSFHeader
+        {
+            u32 magic;
+            u32 version; // zero
+            u32 headersize;
+            u32 flags; // 0 if there's no unicode table
+            u32 numglyph;
+            u32 bytesperglyph;
+            int height;
+            int width;
+        };
+
+        PSFHeader m_psf_header;
+        Buffer m_font_data;
+    };
+};

gui/libui/include/ui/Image.h

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+ * @file Image.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief TGA image loading and rendering.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Buffer.h>
+#include <luna/SharedPtr.h>
+#include <os/Path.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    /**
+     * @brief An image in the TGA file format.
+     */
+    class Image : public Shareable
+    {
+      public:
+        /**
+         * @brief Load a new TGA image from a file.
+         *
+         * @param path The path to open.
+         * @return Result<SharedPtr<Image>> An error, or a new Image object.
+         */
+        static Result<SharedPtr<Image>> load(const os::Path& path);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the array of pixels contained in the image.
+         *
+         * @return u32* The array of pixels.
+         */
+        u32* pixels()
+        {
+            return (u32*)m_image_data.data();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the width of the image.
+         *
+         * @return u16 The width.
+         */
+        u16 width()
+        {
+            return m_tga_header.w;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return the height of the image.
+         *
+         * @return u16 The height.
+         */
+        u16 height()
+        {
+            return m_tga_header.h;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        struct [[gnu::packed]] TGAHeader
+        {
+            u8 idlen;
+            u8 colormap;
+            u8 encoding;
+            u16 cmaporig, cmaplen;
+            u8 cmapent;
+            u16 x;
+            u16 y;
+            u16 w;
+            u16 h;
+            u8 bpp;
+            u8 pixeltype;
+        };
+
+        TGAHeader m_tga_header;
+        Buffer m_image_data;
+    };
+
+    class ImageWidget final : public Widget
+    {
+      public:
+        static Result<OwnedPtr<ImageWidget>> load(const os::Path& path);
+
+        Result<void> draw(Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+      private:
+        SharedPtr<Image> m_image;
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/InputField.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * @file InputField.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Single line text input widget.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2024, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Action.h>
+#include <ui/Font.h>
+#include <ui/TextInput.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    class InputField final : public ui::TextInput
+    {
+      public:
+        InputField(SharedPtr<ui::Font> font);
+
+        Result<ui::EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) override;
+
+        Result<void> draw(ui::Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+        void clear();
+
+        StringView data();
+
+        void on_submit(Function<StringView>&& action)
+        {
+            m_on_submit_action = move(action);
+            m_has_on_submit_action = true;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        SharedPtr<ui::Font> m_font;
+
+        Function<StringView> m_on_submit_action;
+        bool m_has_on_submit_action { false };
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Key.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <moon/Keyboard.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    enum Modifier
+    {
+        Mod_Shift = (1 << 0),
+        Mod_Alt = (1 << 1),
+        Mod_Super = (1 << 2),
+        Mod_AltGr = (1 << 3),
+        Mod_Ctrl = (1 << 4)
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Label.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/**
+ * @file Label.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief A simple one-line text widget.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <ui/Alignment.h>
+#include <ui/Font.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    /**
+     * @brief Displays one line of text.
+     *
+     * This component does not handle newlines.
+     */
+    class Label final : public Widget
+    {
+      public:
+        Label(StringView text);
+
+        void set_alignment(VerticalAlignment valign, HorizontalAlignment halign)
+        {
+            m_valign = valign;
+            m_halign = halign;
+        }
+
+        void set_color(ui::Color color)
+        {
+            m_color = color;
+        }
+
+        void set_font(SharedPtr<ui::Font> font)
+        {
+            m_font = font;
+        }
+
+        void set_text(StringView text)
+        {
+            m_text = text;
+        }
+
+        Result<void> draw(Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+      private:
+        StringView m_text;
+        VerticalAlignment m_valign = VerticalAlignment::Center;
+        HorizontalAlignment m_halign = HorizontalAlignment::Center;
+        ui::Color m_color = ui::WHITE;
+        SharedPtr<Font> m_font;
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Layout.h

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/**
+ * @file Layout.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Layout widgets to organize content.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Vector.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    enum class AdjustHeight
+    {
+        No,
+        Yes
+    };
+
+    enum class AdjustWidth
+    {
+        No,
+        Yes
+    };
+
+    struct Margins
+    {
+        int left;
+        int right;
+        int top;
+        int bottom;
+    };
+
+    class HorizontalLayout final : public Widget
+    {
+      public:
+        HorizontalLayout(Margins margins = Margins { 0, 0, 0, 0 }, AdjustHeight adjust_height = AdjustHeight::Yes,
+                         AdjustWidth adjust_width = AdjustWidth::Yes);
+
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_move(Point position) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_leave() override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_down(Point position, int buttons) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_up(Point position, int buttons) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) override;
+
+        Result<void> draw(Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+        Result<void> add_widget(Widget& widget);
+
+      private:
+        Vector<Widget*> m_widgets;
+        Margins m_margins;
+        AdjustHeight m_adjust_height;
+        AdjustWidth m_adjust_width;
+        int m_used_width { 0 };
+    };
+
+    class VerticalLayout final : public Widget
+    {
+      public:
+        VerticalLayout(Margins margins = Margins { 0, 0, 0, 0 }, AdjustHeight adjust_height = AdjustHeight::Yes,
+                       AdjustWidth adjust_width = AdjustWidth::Yes);
+
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_move(Point position) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_leave() override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_down(Point position, int buttons) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_up(Point position, int buttons) override;
+        Result<EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) override;
+
+        Result<void> draw(Canvas& canvas) override;
+
+        Result<void> add_widget(Widget& widget);
+
+      private:
+        Vector<Widget*> m_widgets;
+        Margins m_margins;
+        AdjustHeight m_adjust_height;
+        AdjustWidth m_adjust_width;
+        int m_used_height { 0 };
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Mouse.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ * @file Mouse.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Mouse buttons.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <moon/Mouse.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    enum MouseButtons
+    {
+        LEFT = moon::Left,
+        MIDDLE = moon::Middle,
+        RIGHT = moon::Right,
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Point.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/**
+ * @file Point.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief 2D space points.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    /**
+     * @brief A point in 2D space.
+     */
+    struct Point
+    {
+        int x { 0 };
+        int y { 0 };
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Rect.h

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/**
+ * @file Rect.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief A simple 2D rectangle representation.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <ui/Point.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    /**
+     * @brief A simple rectangle.
+     */
+    struct Rect
+    {
+        Point pos;
+        int width;
+        int height;
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Check if a point is contained in this rectangle.
+         *
+         * @param point The point to check.
+         * @return true The point is contained inside the rectangle.
+         * @return false The point is not contained inside the rectangle.
+         */
+        bool contains(Point point);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Check if another rectangle is contained in this one.
+         *
+         * @param point The rectangle to check.
+         * @return true The other rectangle is contained inside this one.
+         * @return false The other rectangle is not contained inside this one.
+         */
+        bool contains(Rect rect);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Normalize a point to fit inside this rectangle.
+         *
+         * @param point The original point.
+         * @return Point The normalized point.
+         */
+        Point normalize(Point point);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Transform an absolute position to a position relative to this rectangle.
+         *
+         * @param pos The original absolute position.
+         * @return Point The position relative to this rectangle.
+         */
+        Point relative(Point pos);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Transform a position relative to this rectangle to an absolute position.
+         *
+         * @param pos The original relative position.
+         * @return Point The absolute position.
+         */
+        Point absolute(Point pos);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Transform another rectangle relative to this one to an absolute rectangle.
+         *
+         * @param rect The original relative rectangle.
+         * @return Point The absolute rectangle.
+         */
+        Rect absolute(Rect rect);
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Return a copy of this rectangle with no negative values (normalized to 0).
+         *
+         * @return Rect The new rectangle.
+         */
+        Rect normalized();
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/TextInput.h

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * @file TextInput.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Base class for text inputs.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2024, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Buffer.h>
+#include <os/Timer.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    class TextInput : public Widget
+    {
+      public:
+        TextInput();
+
+        virtual Result<ui::EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request) = 0;
+
+        virtual Result<void> draw(ui::Canvas& canvas) = 0;
+
+      protected:
+        Buffer m_data;
+
+        usize m_cursor { 0 };
+        ui::Point m_cursor_position { 0, 0 };
+
+        OwnedPtr<os::Timer> m_cursor_timer;
+        bool m_cursor_activated = true;
+
+        void tick_cursor();
+        void update_cursor();
+
+        Result<void> delete_current_character();
+        Result<void> insert_character(char c);
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Widget.h

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/**
+ * @file Widget.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Abstract widget class.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/Ignore.h>
+#include <luna/Result.h>
+#include <ui/Canvas.h>
+#include <ui/Point.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+#include <ui/ipc/Client.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    class Window;
+
+    enum class EventResult
+    {
+        DidHandle,
+        DidNotHandle,
+    };
+
+    class Widget
+    {
+      public:
+        virtual Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_move(Point position)
+        {
+            ignore(position);
+            return EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        }
+
+        virtual Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_down(Point position, int buttons)
+        {
+            ignore(position, buttons);
+            return EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        }
+
+        virtual Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_up(Point position, int buttons)
+        {
+            ignore(position, buttons);
+            return EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        }
+
+        virtual Result<EventResult> handle_mouse_leave()
+        {
+            return EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        }
+
+        virtual Result<EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request)
+        {
+            ignore(request);
+            return EventResult::DidNotHandle;
+        }
+
+        virtual Result<void> draw(Canvas& canvas);
+
+        void set_window(Window* window, Rect rect, Badge<Window>)
+        {
+            m_window = window;
+            m_rect = rect;
+        }
+
+        void set_parent(Widget* parent)
+        {
+            m_parent = parent;
+            m_window = parent->m_window;
+        }
+
+        Widget* parent()
+        {
+            return m_parent;
+        }
+
+        Window* window()
+        {
+            return m_window;
+        }
+
+        Rect& rect()
+        {
+            return m_rect;
+        }
+
+      protected:
+        Widget* m_parent { nullptr };
+        Window* m_window;
+        Rect m_rect { 0, 0, 50, 50 };
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/Window.h

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/**
+ * @file Window.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief UI windows.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <luna/OwnedPtr.h>
+#include <luna/String.h>
+#include <luna/StringView.h>
+#include <ui/Canvas.h>
+#include <ui/Mouse.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+#include <ui/Widget.h>
+#include <ui/ipc/Server.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    enum class WindowType : u8
+    {
+        Normal,
+        NotDecorated,
+        System,
+    };
+
+    struct [[gnu::packed]] Shortcut
+    {
+        moon::KeyCode key;
+        int modifiers;
+
+        bool operator==(const Shortcut& other) const
+        {
+            return key == other.key && modifiers == other.modifiers;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class Window
+    {
+      public:
+        static Result<Window*> create(Rect rect, WindowType type = WindowType::Normal);
+
+        void set_title(StringView title);
+
+        void set_background(Color color)
+        {
+            m_background = color;
+        }
+
+        void set_main_widget(Widget& widget)
+        {
+            check(!m_main_widget);
+            widget.set_window(this, m_window_canvas.rect(), {});
+            m_main_widget = &widget;
+        }
+
+        Canvas& canvas()
+        {
+            return m_window_canvas;
+        }
+
+        void update();
+
+        void close();
+
+        void set_layer(Layer layer);
+
+        Result<void> draw();
+        Result<ui::EventResult> handle_mouse_leave();
+        Result<ui::EventResult> handle_mouse_move(ui::Point position);
+        Result<ui::EventResult> handle_mouse_buttons(ui::Point position, int buttons);
+        Result<ui::EventResult> handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request);
+
+        Result<void> add_keyboard_shortcut(ui::Shortcut shortcut, bool intercept, Function<ui::Shortcut>&& action);
+
+        int id() const
+        {
+            return m_id;
+        }
+
+        void on_close(Action&& action)
+        {
+            m_on_close_action = move(action);
+            m_has_on_close_action = true;
+        }
+
+        ~Window();
+
+      private:
+        int m_id;
+        Canvas m_canvas;
+        Canvas m_titlebar_canvas;
+        Canvas m_window_canvas;
+        String m_name;
+        Widget* m_main_widget { nullptr };
+        Option<Color> m_background {};
+        Option<int> m_old_mouse_buttons;
+        bool m_decorated { false };
+
+        Action m_on_close_action;
+        bool m_has_on_close_action { false };
+
+        struct ShortcutAction
+        {
+            bool intercept;
+            Function<Shortcut> action;
+        };
+
+        HashMap<Shortcut, ShortcutAction> m_shortcuts;
+
+        Result<void> draw_titlebar();
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/ipc/Client.h

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * @file ipc/Client.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief IPC message definitions for UI messages sent to the client.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <os/IPC.h>
+#include <ui/Key.h>
+#include <ui/Point.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    enum ClientMessages : u8
+    {
+        IPC_ENUM_CLIENT(ui),
+        CREATE_WINDOW_RESPONSE_ID,
+        MOUSE_EVENT_REQUEST_ID,
+        MOUSE_LEAVE_REQUEST_ID,
+        GET_SCREEN_RECT_RESPONSE_ID,
+        KEY_EVENT_REQUEST_ID,
+    };
+
+    struct CreateWindowResponse
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = CREATE_WINDOW_RESPONSE_ID;
+
+        int window;
+        IPC_STRING(shm_path);
+    };
+
+    struct MouseEventRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = MOUSE_EVENT_REQUEST_ID;
+
+        int window;
+        Point position;
+        int buttons;
+    };
+
+    struct MouseLeaveRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = MOUSE_LEAVE_REQUEST_ID;
+
+        int window;
+    };
+
+    struct GetScreenRectResponse
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = GET_SCREEN_RECT_RESPONSE_ID;
+
+        Rect rect;
+    };
+
+    struct KeyEventRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = KEY_EVENT_REQUEST_ID;
+
+        int window;
+
+        bool pressed;
+
+        char letter;
+        char key;
+        moon::KeyCode code;
+        int modifiers;
+    };
+}

gui/libui/include/ui/ipc/Server.h

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/**
+ * @file ipc/Server.h
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief IPC message definitions for UI messages sent to the server.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <os/IPC.h>
+#include <ui/Color.h>
+#include <ui/Rect.h>
+#include <ui/ipc/Client.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    enum ServerMessages : u8
+    {
+        IPC_ENUM_SERVER(ui),
+        CREATE_WINDOW_ID,
+        REMOVE_SHM_ID,
+        SET_WINDOW_TITLE_ID,
+        INVALIDATE_ID,
+        CLOSE_WINDOW_ID,
+        GET_SCREEN_RECT_ID,
+        SET_TITLEBAR_HEIGHT_ID,
+        SET_WINDOW_LAYER_ID,
+        UPDATE_PLEDGE_REQUEST_ID,
+    };
+
+    struct CreateWindowRequest
+    {
+        using ResponseType = CreateWindowResponse;
+        static constexpr u8 ID = CREATE_WINDOW_ID;
+
+        ui::Rect rect;
+    };
+
+    struct RemoveSharedMemoryRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = REMOVE_SHM_ID;
+
+        int window;
+    };
+
+    struct SetWindowTitleRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = SET_WINDOW_TITLE_ID;
+
+        int window;
+        IPC_STRING(title);
+    };
+
+    struct InvalidateRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = INVALIDATE_ID;
+
+        int window;
+    };
+
+    struct CloseWindowRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = CLOSE_WINDOW_ID;
+
+        int window;
+    };
+
+    struct GetScreenRectRequest
+    {
+        using ResponseType = GetScreenRectResponse;
+        static constexpr u8 ID = GET_SCREEN_RECT_ID;
+
+        int _shadow; // Unused.
+    };
+
+    struct SetTitlebarHeightRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = SET_TITLEBAR_HEIGHT_ID;
+
+        int window;
+        int height;
+    };
+
+    enum Layer : u8
+    {
+        Background,
+        Global,
+        GlobalTop,
+        System,
+        Lock
+    };
+
+    struct SetWindowLayer
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = SET_WINDOW_LAYER_ID;
+
+        int window;
+        Layer layer;
+    };
+
+    enum Pledge : i16
+    {
+        ExtendedLayers = 1,
+    };
+
+    struct UpdatePledgeRequest
+    {
+        static constexpr u8 ID = UPDATE_PLEDGE_REQUEST_ID;
+
+        i16 pledges;
+    };
+}

gui/libui/src/Alignment.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * @file Alignment.cpp
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief UI component alignment.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <ui/Alignment.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    Rect align(Rect container, Rect contained, VerticalAlignment valign, HorizontalAlignment halign)
+    {
+        Rect result;
+        result.width = contained.width;
+        result.height = contained.height;
+        result.pos.y = container.pos.y;
+        result.pos.x = container.pos.x;
+
+        switch (valign)
+        {
+        case VerticalAlignment::Top: break;
+        case VerticalAlignment::Center: result.pos.y += (container.height - contained.height) / 2; break;
+        case VerticalAlignment::Bottom: result.pos.y += container.height - contained.height; break;
+        default: break;
+        }
+
+        switch (halign)
+        {
+        case HorizontalAlignment::Left: break;
+        case HorizontalAlignment::Center: result.pos.x += (container.width - contained.width) / 2; break;
+        case HorizontalAlignment::Right: result.pos.x += container.width - contained.width; break;
+        default: break;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+}

gui/libui/src/App.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/**
+ * @file App.cpp
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief UI application event loop.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <os/ArgumentParser.h>
+#include <os/File.h>
+#include <os/IPC.h>
+#include <ui/App.h>
+#include <ui/ipc/Client.h>
+#include <ui/ipc/Server.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    void handle_socket_event(int, int status)
+    {
+        if (status & POLLHUP) ui::App::the().set_should_close(true);
+        if (status & POLLIN) { ui::App::the().process_events(); }
+    }
+
+    App* App::s_app { nullptr };
+
+    App::App()
+    {
+        s_app = this;
+    }
+
+    App::~App()
+    {
+        s_app = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    Result<void> App::init(StringView socket_path)
+    {
+        m_client = TRY(os::IPC::Client::connect(socket_path, false));
+        m_client->set_message_handler(
+            [this](os::IPC::Client& client, u8 id, void* arg) { this->handle_ipc_event(client, id, arg); }, nullptr);
+
+        TRY(m_loop.register_fd_listener(m_client->fd(), handle_socket_event));
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    Result<int> App::run()
+    {
+        TRY(m_main_window->draw());
+
+        return m_loop.run();
+    }
+
+    App& App::the()
+    {
+        check(s_app);
+        return *s_app;
+    }
+
+    Rect App::screen_rect()
+    {
+        ui::GetScreenRectRequest request {};
+        auto response = m_client->send_sync<ui::GetScreenRectResponse>(request).release_value();
+        return response.rect;
+    }
+
+    Result<void> App::register_window(OwnedPtr<Window>&& window, Badge<Window>)
+    {
+        int id = window->id();
+        check(TRY(m_windows.try_set(id, move(window))));
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    void App::unregister_window(Window* window, Badge<Window>)
+    {
+        int id = window->id();
+        m_window_clear_queue.try_append(id);
+    }
+
+    Window* App::find_window(int id)
+    {
+        auto* window = m_windows.try_get_ref(id);
+        check(window);
+        return window->ptr();
+    }
+
+    Result<void> App::handle_ipc_event(os::IPC::Client&, u8 id, void*)
+    {
+        switch (id)
+        {
+        case MOUSE_EVENT_REQUEST_ID: {
+            MouseEventRequest request;
+            if (!TRY(m_client->read_message(request))) return {};
+            auto* window = find_window(request.window);
+            auto move_result = window->handle_mouse_move(request.position).value_or(ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle);
+            auto button_result =
+                window->handle_mouse_buttons(request.position, request.buttons).value_or(ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle);
+            if (move_result == ui::EventResult::DidHandle || button_result == ui::EventResult::DidHandle)
+                window->draw();
+            return {};
+        }
+        case MOUSE_LEAVE_REQUEST_ID: {
+            MouseLeaveRequest request;
+            if (!TRY(m_client->read_message(request))) return {};
+            auto* window = find_window(request.window);
+            if (window->handle_mouse_leave().value_or(ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle) == ui::EventResult::DidHandle)
+                window->draw();
+            return {};
+        }
+        case KEY_EVENT_REQUEST_ID: {
+            KeyEventRequest request;
+            if (!TRY(m_client->read_message(request))) return {};
+            auto* window = find_window(request.window);
+            if (window->handle_key_event(request).value_or(ui::EventResult::DidNotHandle) == ui::EventResult::DidHandle)
+                window->draw();
+            return {};
+        }
+        default: fail("Unexpected IPC request from server!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool App::process_events()
+    {
+        check(m_main_window);
+        m_client->check_for_messages().release_value();
+        for (int id : m_window_clear_queue)
+        {
+            check(m_windows.try_remove(id));
+
+            ui::CloseWindowRequest request;
+            request.window = id;
+            client().send_async(request);
+        }
+        m_window_clear_queue.clear_data();
+        return !m_should_close;
+    }
+
+    void App::pledge(i16 pledges)
+    {
+        ui::UpdatePledgeRequest request;
+        request.pledges = pledges;
+        client().send_async(request);
+    }
+}

gui/libui/src/Button.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * @file Button.cpp
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief A clickable component that triggers an action when pressed.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <ui/Button.h>
+#include <ui/Mouse.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    Button::Button(Rect rect)
+    {
+        m_rect = rect;
+    }
+
+    void Button::set_widget(Widget& widget)
+    {
+        widget.rect() = m_rect;
+        m_child = &widget;
+        widget.set_parent(this);
+    }
+
+    void Button::set_action(Action&& action)
+    {
+        m_action = move(action);
+    }
+
+    Result<EventResult> Button::handle_mouse_move(Point position)
+    {
+        m_hovered = true;
+        return m_child->handle_mouse_move(position);
+    }
+
+    Result<EventResult> Button::handle_mouse_leave()
+    {
+        m_hovered = m_clicked = false;
+        return m_child->handle_mouse_leave();
+    }
+
+    Result<EventResult> Button::handle_mouse_down(Point position, int buttons)
+    {
+        auto result = TRY(m_child->handle_mouse_down(position, buttons));
+        if (result == EventResult::DidNotHandle)
+        {
+            if (!m_clicked && (buttons == ui::MouseButtons::LEFT))
+            {
+                m_clicked = true;
+                m_action();
+            }
+        }
+        return EventResult::DidHandle;
+    }
+
+    Result<EventResult> Button::handle_mouse_up(Point position, int buttons)
+    {
+        if (buttons & ui::MouseButtons::LEFT) m_clicked = false;
+        return m_child->handle_mouse_up(position, buttons);
+    }
+
+    Result<EventResult> Button::handle_key_event(const ui::KeyEventRequest& request)
+    {
+        return m_child->handle_key_event(request);
+    }
+
+    Result<void> Button::draw(Canvas& canvas)
+    {
+        return m_child->draw(canvas);
+    }
+}

gui/libui/src/Canvas.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/**
+ * @file Canvas.cpp
+ * @author apio (cloudapio.eu)
+ * @brief Drawable surfaces.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2023, the Luna authors.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <luna/CString.h>
+#include <ui/Canvas.h>
+
+namespace ui
+{
+    Canvas Canvas::create(u8* ptr, int width, int height)
+    {
+        return Canvas { .width = width, .height = height, .stride = width, .ptr = ptr };
+    }
+
+    Canvas Canvas::subcanvas(Rect rect)
+    {
+        if (rect.pos.x < 0) rect.pos.x = 0;
+        if (rect.pos.y < 0) rect.pos.y = 0;
+        if (rect.pos.x + rect.width > width) rect.width = width - rect.pos.x;
+        if (rect.pos.y + rect.height > height) rect.height = height - rect.pos.y;
+
+        u8* p = ptr + rect.pos.x * sizeof(Color) + (rect.pos.y * sizeof(Color) * stride);
+
+        return Canvas { .width = rect.width, .height = rect.height, .stride = stride, .ptr = p };
+    }
+
+    void Canvas::fill(Color color)
+    {
+        u8* p = ptr;
+        for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
+        {
+            u32* colorp = (u32*)p;
+            for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
+            {
+                *colorp = color.raw;
+                colorp++;
+            }
+            p += stride * sizeof(Color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Canvas::fill(u32* pixels, int _stride)
+    {
+        u8* p = ptr;
+        for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
+        {
+            u32* colorp = (u32*)p;
+            for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
+            {
+                u32 pix = pixels[j];
+                if (Color::from_u32(pix).alpha() == 0xff) *colorp = pix;
+                colorp++;
+            }
+            pixels += _stride;
+            p += stride * sizeof(Color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Canvas::copy(u32* pixels, int _stride)
+    {
+        u8* p = ptr;
+        for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
+        {
+            u32* colorp = (u32*)p;
+            memcpy(colorp, pixels, width * sizeof(u32));
+            pixels += _stride;
+            p += stride * sizeof(Color);
+        }
+    }
+}